1-(Chloromethyl)-2-Iodobenzene

Halomethylbenzene, that is, benzyl halide, contains a class of compounds in which the halogen atom is attached to the benzyl carbon atom, such as benzyl chloride. Although the "Tiangong Kaiwu" does not directly describe the halomethylbenzene substances, it can be inferred from the properties of related substances.
Halomethylbenzene is mostly colorless to light yellow liquid or solid, with a special odor. In terms of phase state, due to the difference in intermolecular forces, lower-grade halomethylbenzene is often liquid, and higher homologues may be solid. Its boiling point increases with the increase of relative molecular mass. Due to the increase of relative molecular mass, the intermolecular van der Waals force increases, and more energy is required to remove the molecule from the liquid state and
The density of halomethylbenzene is higher than that of water. Due to the presence of halogen atoms in the molecule, the relative mass of halogen atoms is larger, which increases the density of the whole molecule. In terms of solubility, halomethylbenzene is insoluble in water because it is a non-polar or weakly polar organic matter, while water is a polar solvent. According to the principle of "similar miscibility", the two are insoluble. However, halomethylbenzene is soluble in most organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, benzene, etc., because these organic solvents are similar to halomethylbenzene in polarity.
From the perspective of chemical activity, the benzyl carbon atoms connected to the halogen atoms in halomethylbenzene have certain activity due to the conjugation effect If co-heated with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, halogen atoms can be replaced by hydroxyl groups to form benzyl alcohols; when reacted with sodium cyanide, halogen atoms are replaced by cyanyl groups and can be converted into carboxylic acids after hydrolysis. This activity stems from the influence of benzene rings on the electron cloud density of benzyl carbon atoms, making halogen atoms easier to leave, resulting in various reactions, showing unique chemical properties.

To prepare (cyanomethyl) -2-naphthonitrile, there are various chemical synthesis methods.
One is nucleophilic substitution. You can first take halogenated hydrocarbons containing active halogen atoms, such as chloroacetonitrile, and react with naphthol derivatives in a suitable alkaline environment. The base can promote the deprotonation of the phenolic hydroxyl group of naphthol to form a phenoxy negative ion. This negative ion has strong nucleophilicity and can attack the halogenated methyl group of chloroacetonitrile, and a nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs, thereby introducing cyanomethyl. When reacting, pay attention to the amount of base and the reaction temperature. Too much alkali or too high temperature may cause side reactions, such as the self-polymerization of haloacetonitrile. And the selected solvent is also very critical, it needs to be able to dissolve the reactants without adverse effects on the reaction, such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), etc., which is often a good solvent for this type of reaction.
The second is the nitrile method. Naphthalene derivatives containing alkenyl groups are used as starting materials and are achieved by reacting with cyanylation reagents. Transition metal catalysts such as palladium can be selected to catalyze the reaction of alkenyl naphthalenes with cyanide sources such as zinc cyanide in the presence of ligands. In this process, the combination of transition metal catalysts and ligands is crucial, and different combinations will significantly affect the activity and selectivity of the reaction. At the same time, the reaction system needs to be strictly dehydrated from water and oxygen, which may deactivate the catalyst and affect the reaction process.
The other is the condensation reaction method. Knoevenagel condensation reaction of naphthalene derivatives containing aldehyde groups and malononitrile can be carried out under the catalysis of weak bases. Weak bases catalyze the active methylene deprotonation of malononitrile, and the generated carboanions undergo nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group of naphthalene aldehyde, and then dehydrate to form cyanide-containing products. This reaction condition is relatively mild, but the type and dosage of weak bases need to be controlled to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction and avoid side reactions such as excessive condensation. The selected weak bases such as pyridine have an impact on the selectivity and yield of the reaction.

Halobenzyl, as well as organic compounds, has a wide range of main uses.
In the field of organic synthesis, halobenzyl is often an important raw material. With its active chemical properties, it can participate in many chemical reactions. Such as nucleophilic substitution reaction, halobenzyl halogen atoms can be replaced by various nucleophilic reagents. Nucleophilic reagents such as oxygen atoms of alcohols, phenols, and nitrogen atoms of amines can all react with halobenzyl to generate corresponding ethers and amines. This property makes halobenzyl a key starting material for building complex organic molecular structures, which is of great significance in drug synthesis and material preparation.
In the fragrance industry, halobenzyl also has its uses. Because it can be converted into compounds with unique aromas through a series of reactions, it provides raw materials for the formulation of various flavors. In the synthesis of some natural fragrances, halobenzyl can be used as an important intermediate to help fragrance chemists simulate or create attractive aromas.
In materials science, halobenzyl can be used to prepare polymer materials with special properties. By polymerizing with monomers containing unsaturated bonds, it can give materials specific functions, such as improving the solubility, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of materials.
In addition, in the dye industry, halobenzyl can also be used as an important intermediate for synthetic dyes. By introducing specific functional groups, changing the color and dyeing properties of dyes, etc., to meet the dyeing needs of different fabrics and fibers.
In summary, benzyl halides have key uses in organic synthesis, flavors, materials, dyes, and many other industries, and are indispensable compounds for the development of the chemical industry.

When storing and transporting, all kinds of matters should be paid attention to.
When storing, the first thing to pay attention to is the dryness and wetness of the environment. Atractylodes likes dryness, and if it is in a humid place, it is easy to cause mildew and rot. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a high dry place, or use a dry utensil to prevent moisture infection. And it should not be placed in a dark and blocked place. It needs to be well ventilated to allow the breath to circulate, so that it can not be damaged for a long time.
Furthermore, insect prevention is also a priority. Atractylodes has a unique aroma and is easy to attract insect-eaten. It can be accompanied by prickly ash, tangerine peel and the like in the reservoir, and its taste can Or use the method of sulfur fumigation, then it must be done with caution to ensure compliance and avoid damage to the medicinal effect.
As for transportation, there are also many precautions. The packaging must be tight to prevent collision damage. If it is on a vehicle, the carriage should be kept dry and clean, and it should not be stained by rain or stains. In the high temperature of summer, it must be prevented from being heated and deteriorated, and shading and cooling measures can be set up; in the cold of winter, it should be avoided from freezing, and cotton wool and other materials should be added to protect it.
When handling, handle it with care, and do not crush the white art by pressure. If it goes through long-distance transshipment, it is advisable to check it on the way to see if there is any abnormality. If there is any sign of mildew or insect infestation, it should be disposed of immediately without delay.
In this way, careful attention should be paid to all aspects of storage and transportation to ensure that the quality of halogen albinism does not drop, and the medicinal power is as usual.

"Tiangong Kaiwu" was written by Song Yingxing in the Ming Dynasty. The book describes in detail many processes and products. However, at that time, concepts such as "chloromethyl" and "poisonous mushrooms" were not clearly expressed in today's scientific terms. However, the following inferences can be made based on the knowledge and relevant experience of the ancients:
First say "chloromethyl", which is a modern chemical term. Although there was no such name in ancient times, it involved chemical-related operations or phenomena, or contact with similar substances. Chloromethyl compounds are many toxic and reactive. If the ancients were unintentionally exposed to certain chemical preparations and substances during the extraction, it would have been very harmful. If inhaled or absorbed through the skin, it may cause qi and blood disorders in the body and damage to the viscera. In mild cases, the skin may be red, swollen, itchy, and the breathing may be blocked. In severe cases, the lungs may be injured, the meridians will be damaged, and the qi and blood will decay, endangering life.
When it comes to "poisonous mushrooms", the ancients have long known it. Although it is not detailed in "Tiangong Kaiwu", there are many experiences in identification and prevention among the people. For the environment, the growth of poisonous mushrooms may be related to specific conditions such as soil and climate, or suggest certain characteristics of the environment, such as soil containing special minerals, and the surrounding vegetation ecology. For human health, if you eat poisonous mushrooms by mistake, you will initially suffer from gastrointestinal damage, and you will see vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc. This is due to poisonous pathogens that invade the stomach and cause Then the poison enters the meridian bloodline and flows through the whole body. If it disturbs the mind, you will see hallucinations, coma, and chaos of qi and blood will cause the function of the viscera to decay. The ancients also had many ways to distinguish, such as looking at the color of mushrooms, those that are beautiful are more toxic; looking at the growth environment, those that are born in a dark, damp, rotten place may be poisonous; tasting its taste, those that are bitter and strange are poisonous. However, the way to distinguish is not absolute. If you eat poisonous mushrooms by mistake, you can also detoxify by inducing vomiting and drinking an appropriate amount of licorice soup, but if you are seriously ill, you still need to seek a good doctor quickly.