1-Fluoro-4-Iodo-3-Nitrobenzene

Coriander, that is, coriander, is warm in nature, and its main uses are quite extensive in the era and traditional understanding involved in "Tiangong Kaiwu".
First, in the field of cooking and seasoning, coriander plays a key role. It has a unique and rich aroma, which can add different flavors to many dishes. Whether it is soup, sprinkle a small handful of coriander before serving, it can instantly enhance the aroma level of the soup, making it more mellow and rich; or cold dishes, the addition of coriander can improve the taste and fragrance, making the cold dishes taste more refreshing and pleasant, stimulating the appetite of diners. Such as the common cold cucumber, after adding coriander, the refreshing of cucumber and the spicy aroma of coriander blend with each other, giving a unique flavor.
Second, coriander also has its value in traditional diet and health care. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that coriander has the effect of revealing measles. For the early stage of measles in children, if the rash is not smooth, eating coriander in moderation can help the measles to spread smoothly and reduce the disease. At the same time, coriander can also open the stomach and wake up the spleen. For some people with loss of appetite due to disharmony between the spleen and stomach, eating food containing coriander can help stimulate the spleen and stomach function and increase appetite.
Third, at the level of folk culture, coriander also carries a certain meaning. In the traditional food customs of some regions, coriander is often used as an indispensable accessory on specific festivals or ceremonial banquets, which not only adds color to the dishes, but also symbolizes the richness and happiness of life.

Borax is cold in nature and has a sweet and salty taste. Its quality is soft and brittle, white or light green or yellow in color. It is often crystalline, such as fine-grained sand aggregating into lumps.
Borax can slowly dissolve in water, and the aqueous solution is weakly alkaline. When heated, borax will lose water and expand, eventually turning into a glassy substance. This glassy substance can dissolve a variety of metal oxides to form borates with characteristic colors. This property is often used in metal welding and the firing process of enamel and glass.
Looking at its chemical properties, borax is sodium tetraborate containing crystalline water. When exposed to acid, it will react and precipitate boric acid. Boric acid also has unique chemical properties and is used in many fields.
Borax is widely used in industry, often as a cleaner and disinfectant, and is also used in metallurgy, glass, ceramics and other industries. In ancient times, although the knowledge was not as detailed as it is today, craftsmen have also discovered its unique properties and used it in specific processes, such as the treatment of certain metal objects, using its ability to help melt and improve the properties of metal surfaces to make the objects more beautiful and durable; in glass firing, the melting point and transparency of the glass can be adjusted to make the glass more suitable.

The chemical properties of lead-based bismuth are not detailed in "Tiangong Kaiwu", but it can be inferred from the characteristics of lead and bismuth.
The chemical properties of lead are relatively stable, and it is not easy to react with oxygen at room temperature, so it can maintain its metallic luster for a long time. However, when it encounters acid, it is easy to react. If it reacts with dilute sulfuric acid or dilute hydrochloric acid, it can generate corresponding salts and release hydrogen gas. It can also react violently with nitric acid to form products such as lead nitrate.
Bismuth is also a common metal, which is brittle and has poor electrical and thermal conductivity. The chemical properties of bismuth are relatively stable, and it is not easy to be oxidized in air at room temperature. When reacting with acid, the reaction rate is slightly slower than that of lead.
When lead and bismuth form lead-based bismuth, its chemical properties may change. First, due to the addition of bismuth, the antioxidant properties of lead-based bismuth may be improved, and it is more resistant to the erosion of oxygen in the air than pure lead. Second, in the reaction with acid, due to the influence of bismuth, its reactivity may change, and the reaction rate may be different from that of lead alone. However, the specific reaction situation depends on the type and concentration of acid, as well as the reaction temperature and time. Third, lead-based bismuth may exhibit unique chemical properties in some specific environments, such as in a specific electrolyte solution, its electrode reaction characteristics may be different from that of lead and bismuth alone.
In short, the chemical properties of lead-based bismuth are not only related to the inherent properties of lead and bismuth, but also derived from the combination of the two. In different chemical situations, they show unique reaction laws and characteristics.

"Tiangong Kaiwu" is a masterpiece of ancient science and technology in our country. Although there is no direct record of the synthesis method of 1-pentyne-4-bromo-3-carbonyl indole, it can be reasonably inferred based on the wisdom of ancient chemical processes and similar process principles.
Ancient chemical processes are mostly derived from practical accumulation and experience inheritance. In the field of organic synthesis, although the theoretical knowledge at that time was not as complete as it is today, with the insight and repeated attempts on material properties, there were also many exquisite creations.
First, you can try to use natural products as starting materials. The ancients made good use of natural resources such as plants and minerals. If you can find natural products containing similar structural fragments, through appropriate chemical transformation, you can gradually build target molecules. For example, there may be indole-containing components in some plants, which can be modified. Extraction, distillation, sublimation and other separation and purification methods commonly used in ancient times can be used to obtain relatively pure starting materials, and then the required functional groups can be introduced through halogenation, carbonylation and other reactions.
Second, learn from the traditional redox and substitution reaction strategies. The ancients have been quite familiar with redox reactions in metal smelting, dyeing and other processes. In the synthesis of 1-pentyne-4-bromo-3-carbonyl indoles, the conversion of specific functional groups can be achieved by controlling the redox conditions. For example, a suitable oxidant is used to oxidize a group at a specific position to a carbonyl group; a metal catalyst is used to catalyze the substitution reaction of halogenated hydrocarbons and alkynes, and pentyne and bromine atoms are introduced. And the ancients have been able to make some simple catalysts, such as metal oxides or salts as catalytic active ingredients, supported on natural supports, to promote the reaction.
Third, pay attention to the control of reaction conditions. Although there was no precise temperature and pressure control equipment in ancient times, the reaction could be regulated by a delicate grasp of the temperature and time. When synthesizing this compound, according to the needs of different reaction steps, different temperatures are used for heating, such as simmering on a low fire to promote some mild reactions, and rapid reactions on a hot fire initiate specific transformations. At the same time, the use of natural containers such as ceramics, metal vessels, etc., the suitability of their materials and reaction environments also affects the reaction results.
In summary, although the synthesis method of 1-pentyne-4-bromo-3-carbonyl indole is not explicitly shown in "Tiangong Kaiwu", it may be possible to explore feasible synthesis paths by using ancient chemical wisdom from the aspects of natural raw material utilization, reaction strategy and condition control.

Mercury is a highly toxic substance, and many matters need to be taken care of during storage and transportation.
First, when storing, the container must be solid and tight. "Kaogong Ji" says: "There are six levels of gold, and six points of gold and tin are one, which is called the unity of the bell and tripod." Although this is the method of casting tools, it also shows the weight of the container. Mercury is volatile. If there is a gap in the container, the mercury gas will escape, which will cause harm. Therefore, special metal or ceramic containers should be used, which are made of dense materials to prevent the leakage and volatilization of mercury.
Second, the storage environment should be cool and dry. In hot places, mercury evaporates faster, as "Tiangong Kaiwu" says: "Water and fire are both good and soil is combined." Under high temperature, mercury is like water in the event of fire, which is easier to dissipate. And humid places are easy to rust the container and cause mercury to leak. Therefore, it is advisable to choose a cool and dry place to hide.
Third, during transportation, protective measures are indispensable. When wrapping the container with a thick object to prevent it from colliding. "Tiangong Kaiwu" records the method of handling heavy objects, and it needs to be careful and sure, and the same is true for the transportation of mercury. And the transporter should be familiar with the characteristics of mercury and have emergency measures. If it leaks accidentally, it will be covered with sulfur quickly, because mercury and sulfur can be synthesized into mercury sulfide, and the toxicity is greatly reduced.
Fourth, whether it is storage or transportation, the logo must be clear. Express words such as "highly toxic", so that everyone knows the risk. For example, "Zhou Li" sets up official positions, each performing their own duties, and the clear logo is also to make contacts aware of its hazards and be cautious. In this way, the safety of mercury during storage and transportation can be ensured, and harm can be avoided.