1-Iodo-2,4-Dichlorobenzene

The chemical formula of dichlorosilane is\ (SiH_ {2} Cl_ {2}\). In terms of chemical properties, it has the following numbers:
First, it has strong reactivity. The silicon atom in dichlorosilane is connected to hydrogen and chlorine atoms, and the properties of its chemical bonds make the substance easy to participate in many chemical reactions. For example, it can react violently in contact with water, and its chemical equation is\ (SiH_ {2} Cl_ {2} + 2H_ {2} O = SiO_ {2} + 2HCl + H_ {2}\ uparrow\). This reaction is violent, because when the silicon-chlorine bond and the silicon-hydrogen bond are in contact with water, the polarity of the water molecule causes these chemical bonds to break and rearrange, and the corresponding products are formed. The generated hydrogen chloride is highly soluble in water and will form white fog in the air.
Second, it is flammable. Dichlorosilane can burn under certain conditions and emits flame when burned. The combustion reaction formula is roughly\ (SiH_ {2} Cl_ {2} + 2O_ {2}\ stackrel {ignited }{=\!=\!=} {2} + 2HCl + H_ {2} O\). This shows that dichlorosilane can undergo a violent redox reaction with oxygen, silicon is oxidized to\ (+ 4\) valence, and hydrogen and chlorine can form corresponding compounds respectively.
Third, a substitution reaction can occur. Due to the presence of chlorine atoms, the chlorine atoms in dichlorosilane can be replaced by other atoms or groups. For example, under the action of a specific catalyst, it can react with alcohols, and the chlorine atoms are replaced by alkoxy groups to form silicone-containing organic compounds. This reaction is very important in the synthesis of silicone compounds, and can be used to construct diverse silicone molecular structures.
Fourth, it is corrosive. Because it forms hydrogen chloride in contact with water, both dichlorosilane itself and its hydrolysis products have a corrosive effect on most metals and some non-metallic materials. If it comes into contact with metals such as iron, in the presence of water vapor, hydrogen chloride will chemically react with metals, causing metals to corrode.

Carbon disulfide is an inorganic substance that is a colorless and pungent liquid at room temperature and pressure. Its main uses are as follows:
First, in the chemical industry, carbon disulfide is a key chemical raw material. It can be used to prepare many sulfur-containing compounds, such as xanthate, which can be used as a vulcanization accelerator in the rubber industry to significantly improve the physical properties and aging resistance of rubber. It can also be used to make thiocyanates, which are widely used in metallurgy, pesticides and other industries. For example, in the metallurgical industry, thiocyanates can be used to extract certain metals from ores.
Second, in agriculture, carbon disulfide can be used as a fumigant. With its volatility and toxicity, it can effectively kill pests in grain, seeds, and nematodes in the soil, thus ensuring the yield and quality of crops. For example, in grain storage, the use of carbon disulfide fumigation can prevent food from being eroded by pests.
Third, in the field of analytical chemistry, carbon disulfide is a commonly used solvent. Because of its good solubility to many organic compounds, it is often used to dissolve fats, waxes, resins and other substances, which is convenient for chemical analysis and research. For example, in the extraction and separation experiments of some organic compounds, carbon disulfide plays an important role as a solvent.
Fourth, in the field of electronics industry, carbon disulfide can be used to make some special materials for electronic components. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, its application in the preparation of emerging electronic materials has gradually increased.

"Tiangong Kaiwu" says: "All carbon disulfide, there are various ways to make it." Today I will describe it in detail for you.
First, use charcoal and sulfur as materials. Take high-quality charcoal first, put it in a special kiln, seal it and leave less air holes. Then grind the sulfur into a fine powder and spread it evenly on the charcoal. Then use fire to start it, the fire gradually rises, the sulfur melts when heated, and penetrates into the pores of the charcoal. In the meantime, the heat needs to be controlled, so that the raw materials are not lost due to excessive energy, and they should not be too weak and fail to react. After the reaction is completed, cool the kiln, collect the obtained material, and refine it to obtain carbon disulfide.
Second, use natural gas and sulfur as sources. The natural gas is purified to remove impurities, introduced into the reaction kettle, and mixed with sulfur vapor in an appropriate proportion. High temperature is applied in the kettle to make the two chemically react. This process requires precise temperature control, because the temperature is related to the reaction rate and product purity. When the reaction is as expected, the product is cooled, and pure carbon disulfide is obtained through processes such as condensation, separation, and purification.
Third, based on coke and sulfur. Select high-quality coke, crush it into a suitable particle size, and put it into the reaction furnace in a certain ratio with sulfur. A heating device is installed in the furnace to raise the temperature to make the sulfur gasify and react with the coke. This reaction needs to be in an anaerobic or low-oxygen environment to prevent the coke from burning. The gas generated by the reaction is cooled, removed, and refined to finally obtain carbon disulfide.
The above methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Using charcoal as material, the raw material is easy to obtain, but the process is complicated; using natural gas as the source, the product purity is high, but the equipment and technical requirements are strict; using coke as the basis, the cost or controllable, but the reaction conditions are difficult to control. All need to choose the most suitable method according to the actual situation.

In the case of naphthalene, it is very important to pay attention to it when it is stored.
The storage of naphthalene, the first priority is to determine the situation. Placing it in the right place, the best way, the best way to fire, and the source. Because naphthalene is flammable, it will explode in case of open fire or high flammability. If there is a little carelessness, it will be huge. And it should not exceed 37 ° C, in case it is caused by high temperature.
Furthermore, the storage container must be sealed and should not be exposed to the air. Because it is easy to seal, if the seal is not good, it will be scattered in the air, which will not only cause material loss, but also increase the risk of fire and explosion. Store in equal parts, oxidized and acidic materials, and must not be mixed. Because of the contact between diazonaphthalene and other substances, it is easy to cause intensification and reaction, and cause damage.
For the first time, it is necessary to deal with the quantity of fire-fighting equipment and the emergency management of leakage of the final phase of the final product. For the first time, people in charge will be exposed to the protection, familiar with the dangerous characteristics, prevention measures and emergency treatment methods of diazonaphthalene. When traveling on the way, it is necessary to ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall, or collapse.
In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention to avoid densely populated areas in high-density areas. In summer, it is recommended to travel in the morning and evening. If you encounter high temperatures on the way, take measures to reduce pollution. In the city or densely populated areas, it is necessary to keep slow travel and careful operation to prevent accidents. In this way, it is necessary to ensure the safety of diazonaphthalene during the storage process.

The effects of 2,4-dichlorobenzene on the environment and human health have been known for a long time. Although the knowledge at that time was not as clear as it is today, there are still some things to be said.
In terms of the environment, if this dichlorobenzene is dispersed in the atmosphere or attached to dust particles, it can cause slight staining in the air. If it enters the water body, it is difficult to dissolve in water, but it can exist in the water for a long time, and aquatic things bear the brunt. In the genus of algae, its photosynthesis is disturbed or disturbed, and its growth and reproduction are blocked. And fish and shrimp, inhaling or accidentally eating water and bait containing this substance, their physiological functions are also affected. If the gill tissue is damaged, the breathing is not smooth; the nervous system may be disturbed and the movement is abnormal. And this substance is not easy to degrade in water bodies, causing water quality to deteriorate over time, and the ecological balance of waters to be disrupted.
As for land, if water containing dichlorobenzene seeps into the soil, the soil microbial community is affected by it. Beneficial microorganisms, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, etc., may be inhibited in their activity, hindering the cycle of soil fertility, which in turn affects plant growth. When plant roots absorb nutrients from the contaminated soil, dichlorobenzene also enters the body, affecting plant metabolism, or causing yellow leaves, short plants, and even withering.
The harm to human health is not light. If people are exposed to high concentrations of dichlorobenzene for a short time, the eyes, nose, throat and other mucous membranes will feel irritation, such as eye tingling, runny nose, sore throat, etc. If they are exposed to dichlorobenzene for a long time, it may damage the hematopoietic system. If the number of white blood cells and platelets may decrease, the human body's immune function will decrease, and they are prone to diseases. And this substance may be potentially carcinogenic, and long-term exposure will increase the risk of cancer. If pregnant women are exposed to it, it may affect the development of the fetus, and there is a risk of teratogenesis.
Therefore, it is known that 2,4-dichlorobenzene has many adverse effects on the environment and personal health