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1 - What are the main uses of iodohexane?
1-Iodohexane, which is an organic compound, has important uses in various fields of chemical industry.
In the field of organic synthesis, 1-iodohexane is often used as an alkylation reagent. The iodine atom has good activity and is easy to leave, and can react with many nucleophiles to achieve the construction of carbon-carbon bonds or carbon-heteroatomic bonds. For example, interacting with carbon-containing nucleophiles, such as organometallic reagents (Grignard reagent, organolithium reagent, etc.), can achieve the introduction of alkyl groups and lay the foundation for the preparation of complex organic molecules, which is of great significance in the field of drug synthesis and total synthesis of natural products. The construction of the molecular structure of drugs often relies on such alkylation reactions to add specific alkyl side chains, thereby adjusting the activity, solubility and other key properties of drugs.
In the field of materials science, 1-iodohexane also has its uses. It can participate in the synthesis of precursors to certain functional materials. For example, in the preparation of specific polymers, by reacting with monomers containing specific functional groups, hexyl groups are introduced into the main chain or side chain of the polymer, which can change the physical and chemical properties of the polymer, such as hydrophobicity and flexibility, to suit different application scenarios, such as the preparation of special coating materials, high-performance plastics, etc.
In addition, 1-iodohexane also plays a role in the synthesis of surfactants. By introducing it into the molecular structure of the surfactant through an appropriate chemical reaction, the performance of the surfactant can be optimized, such as adjusting its critical micelle concentration, interfacial activity, etc. In the daily chemical and petroleum extraction industries, the optimization of surfactant performance is related to product quality and production efficiency.
1 - What are the physical properties of iodohexane?
1-Iodohexane is also an organic compound. It has unique physical properties. Looking at its shape, under room temperature and pressure, it is a colorless to light yellow transparent liquid with a clear texture and no visible impurities.
When it comes to odor, it emits a slight and specific smell, which is not pungent and difficult to tolerate, but it is also clearly identifiable.
In terms of density, the density of 1-iodohexane is larger than that of water, about 1.38 g/cm ³. If 1-iodohexane is mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water, like a companion of water, separating itself. The boiling point of
is 189-191 ℃. At this temperature, 1-iodohexane gradually changes from liquid to gaseous state, and the molecules break free from the shackles of the liquid phase and escape in space. The melting point is about -81 ℃. When the temperature drops to Si, 1-iodohexane will transform from a flowing liquid state to a solid state, and the molecular arrangement tends to be regular.
1-iodohexane is slightly soluble in water because it is a non-polar molecule, and water is a polar molecule, so it is "similarly soluble". However, it is soluble in many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc., and can be mixed with other organic solvents to form a uniform solution.
Its refractive index is about 1.496-1.498, and the direction of light passing through it is deflected, which is of great significance in the fields of optical analysis. And 1-iodohexane is flammable, and under certain conditions, it can undergo violent oxidation reaction with oxygen, releasing light and heat.
1 - Is iodohexane chemically stable?
1-Iodohexane is also an organic compound. Whether its chemical properties are stable or not should be carefully considered.
1-Iodohexane, the iodine atom is its functional group. The iodine atom has a large atomic radius and the carbon-iodine bond energy is relatively small. This bond is vulnerable to attack by nucleophiles and breaks, which is the active end of it. For example, when encountering nucleophiles such as sodium oxide and sodium cyanide, the iodine atom is easily replaced to produce new compounds. Take sodium oxide as an example, through nucleophilic substitution reaction, ether compounds can be formed.
However, under normal circumstances, if there are no specific reactants such as nucleophiles, and the temperature, light and other conditions are calm, 1-iodohexane can also maintain a certain degree of stability. Its alkyl group is relatively inert, and it is not easy to be oxidized or cracked without extreme conditions such as strong oxidants and high temperatures.
However, it should be noted that 1-iodohexane may be burned or exploded when exposed to hot topics, open flames or mixed with oxidants. When heated, the carbon-iodine bond is cracked, and the generated active species such as iodine radicals can initiate a series of chain reactions.
In summary, 1-iodohexane is active under specific reaction conditions, but it also has certain stability in a peaceful environment. The stability and instability of its chemical properties cannot be generalized, depending on the surrounding conditions.
1 - What is the preparation method of iodohexane
For 1-iodohexane, there are two common methods for preparing organic compounds.
First, it is prepared from n-hexanol and iodizing agent. Take an appropriate amount of n-hexanol and place it in the reaction vessel. The iodizing agent can be hydrogen iodide, but the iodized hydrogen gas is inconvenient to operate, so phosphorus and iodine are often used to generate hydrogen iodide in the reaction system. First, red phosphorus is added to n-hexanol, and iodine is slowly added. Because phosphorus and iodine react to form phosphorus iodide, phosphorus iodide interacts with n-hexanol to replace the hydroxyl group of the alcohol with an iodine atom, thereby generating 1-iodohexane. The temperature of this reaction needs to be properly controlled, and it is generally carried out under moderate heating conditions to make the reaction occur smoothly. After the reaction is completed, the product is mixed with unreacted raw materials and by-products, which need to be purified by distillation and washing. The soluble impurities are washed off with water, dried with a desiccant, and finally the fractions in a specific boiling point range are collected by distillation to obtain pure 1-iodohexane.
Second, n-hexane is used as the raw material and prepared by free radical substitution reaction. Under light or heating conditions, n-hexane and iodine elements undergo a free radical substitution reaction. During this process, iodine molecules crack into iodine radicals under the action of light or high temperature. Iodine radicals collide with n-hexane molecules to capture hydrogen atoms in n-hexane molecules to form 1-iodohexane and hydrogen iodide. This reaction requires attention to the control of light intensity or heating temperature. Due to the reactivity and selectivity, various halogenated products may be formed. It is necessary to improve the yield of 1-iodohexane by optimizing the reaction conditions, such as controlling the ratio of iodine to n-hexane, reaction time, etc. After the reaction, a series of separation and purification steps, such as extraction, distillation, etc., are required to obtain pure 1-iodohexane.
1 - What are the precautions for iodohexane during storage and transportation?
1-Iodohexane is an organic compound. When storing and transporting, the following things should be paid attention to:
First, this compound has certain toxicity and irritation, and is harmful to the human body. Therefore, when operating, it is necessary to wear suitable protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, protective clothing, etc., to prevent it from coming into contact with the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. If you come into contact accidentally, you should immediately rinse with plenty of water and seek medical attention in time.
Second, 1-Iodohexane is a flammable substance. It is very easy to burn in case of open fire and hot topics. Store away from fire and heat sources, and well ventilated. When transporting, you should also avoid its proximity to fire sources and high temperature environments to prevent fire accidents.
Third, 1-iodohexane is chemically active and easily reacts with many substances. Therefore, when storing, it should be stored separately from oxidants, strong bases, etc., and must not be mixed to prevent dangerous chemical reactions. During transportation, care should also be taken to avoid contact with incompatible substances.
Fourth, 1-iodohexane is more sensitive to light, and it is easy to decompose or deteriorate under long-term light. Therefore, when storing, it should be placed in a cool and dark place, and it should be packed in a light-shielding container such as a brown bottle. When transporting, corresponding shading measures should also be taken.
Fifth, the container for storing and transporting 1-iodohexane must be well sealed to prevent its leakage. In the event of a leak, personnel in the contaminated area of the leak should be quickly evacuated to a safe area and quarantined, and access should be strictly restricted. Emergency responders should wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and anti-toxic clothing, cut off the source of the leak as much as possible, ventilate reasonably, accelerate the spread, and absorb or absorb the leak with sand or other non-combustible materials. If a large amount of leakage occurs, a dike should be built or dug for containment, covered with foam to reduce steam disasters, and then transferred to a tanker or special collector with an explosion-proof pump, recycled or transported to a waste treatment site for disposal.