2- (4-iodophenyl) -3- (4-nitrophenyl) -5-phenyl-2h-tetrazolium, what is the chemical structure of chloride
2-% 284-iodophenyl% 29-3-% 284-nitrophenyl% 29-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium, chloride, its chemical formula is\ (C_ {19} H_ {13} ClIN_ {5} O_ {2}\). This compound contains a tetrazolium ring, connected to 4-iodophenyl at position 2, 4-nitrophenyl at position 3, and phenyl at position 5. The whole is a tetrazolium cation, which combines with chloride ions to form a salt.
In its structure, the tetrazolium ring consists of five atoms (four nitrogen atoms and one carbon atom) to form a five-membered ring, which is aromatic. 4-Iodophenyl, iodine atoms are attached to the benzene ring, because iodine atoms have a large atomic radius and electronegativity, which affects the distribution and spatial structure of molecular electron clouds. 4-Nitrophenyl, nitro (\ (- NO_ {2}\)) is also in the benzene ring. Nitro is a strong electron-absorbing group, which reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring and affects the reactivity of the compound. Phenyl is a common stable structure, connected to the tetrazolium ring at position 5. The tetrazolium cation is ionic bonded to the chloride ion, giving the compound a certain water solubility. When applied in chemical reactions, biological detection and other fields, this ionic property affects its solubility and ion exchange properties.
2- (4-iodophenyl) -3- (4-nitrophenyl) -5-phenyl-2h-tetrazolium, what are the physical properties of chloride
2-% 284-Iodophenyl% 29-3-% 284-nitrophenyl% 29-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride, its English name is 2- (4-Iodophenyl) -3- (4-nitrophenyl) -5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium, chloride, often referred to as INT chloride. The physical properties of this substance are described in detail as follows:
Looking at its appearance, INT chloride is an orange-red to brown crystalline powder, which is bright in color and can be easily identified by the naked eye. When it is solid, it has a fine texture and is powdery, making it easy to weigh and use.
As for solubility, INT chloride is soluble in water. When placed in water, the orange-red powder gradually disperses and eventually forms a uniform solution. This property allows it to quickly participate in many experiments or reactions using water as a medium. In addition, it can also be dissolved in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethyl formamide (DMF). In DMSO, the dissolution process is rapid and complete, and the solution is clear and transparent, showing good solubility, which is very critical in some reactions or analytical tests that require the assistance of organic solvents.
When it comes to melting point, the melting point of INT chloride is about 215-220 ° C. When the temperature gradually rises near the melting point, the orange-red crystalline powder begins to soften and melt, and gradually changes from solid to liquid. This temperature range is relatively clear, providing important physical parameters for the identification of the substance.
INT chloride is quite stable at room temperature and pressure. However, if exposed to high temperature, high humidity environment, or long-term exposure to light, its stability may be affected. Under high temperature, decomposition reactions may be triggered, resulting in changes in the structure of the substance; in high humidity environment, or absorption of water, affecting its purity and properties; light may induce photochemical reactions and change its chemical composition.
The above is the main physical properties of 2-% 284-iodophenyl% 29-3-% 284-nitrophenyl% 29-5-phenyl-2H-tetraazolium chloride, which need to be carefully considered in relevant scientific research and production practices.
2- (4-iodophenyl) -3- (4-nitrophenyl) -5-phenyl-2h-tetrazolium, what is the application field of chloride
2-% 284-iodophenyl% 29-3-% 284-nitrophenyl% 29-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride, which is commonly known as iodonitrotetrazolium blue (INT). This compound is widely used in biochemical and medical fields.
In the field of cell viability and proliferation detection, INT has a significant effect. Dehydrogenase in the mitochondria of cells can reduce it to insoluble methylbenzene products. Viable cells have high dehydrogenase activity and a large amount of methylbenzene produced by reducing INT. By colorimetry or spectrophotometry to measure methylbenzolium absorbance, cell viability and proliferation can be accurately evaluated. For example, in the screening of anti-tumor drugs, after treating tumor cells with drugs, INT detection is added to determine the effect of drugs on cell viability according to the amount of methylbenzene production, and then to determine the efficacy of drugs.
In the field of microbial detection, INT also plays an important role. It can be used to identify the metabolic activity of microorganisms. Microorganisms with high metabolic activity have strong ability to reduce INT and form dark methylbenzene precipitation, which can quickly identify the level of microbial activity and help microbial community analysis and specific microbial screening.
In plant physiology research, INT also has applications. It can be used to detect dehydrogenase activity in plant tissues to explore the physiological response of plants under stress (such as drought, high temperature). When plants encounter stress, intracellular dehydrogenase activity may change. Detection of this change by INT is helpful to clarify the adaptation mechanism of plants to stress.
In summary, 2-% 284-iodophenyl% 29-3-% 284-nitrophenyl% 29-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride is an important detection tool in many fields such as cell, microbial and plant physiology research.
What is the preparation method of 2- (4-iodophenyl) -3- (4-nitrophenyl) -5-phenyl-2h-tetrazolium, chloride
The preparation of 2 - (4 - iodophenyl) -3 - (4 - nitrophenyl) -5 - phenyl - 2H - tetrazolium chloride requires certain steps and methods.
Start by taking an appropriate amount of 4 - iodoaniline and sodium nitrite in an acidic medium to cause diazotization. The key to this step is to strictly control the temperature, generally suitable for low temperatures, such as 0 - 5 ° C, to form stable diazonium salts. The reaction formula is roughly: 4 - iodoaniline + sodium nitrite + acid → 4 - iodobenzene diazonium salt.
Then, the 4-iodobenzene diazonium salt is reacted with potassium cyanide or other suitable cyanide donors to form 4-iodobenzonitrile. This reaction needs to be carried out in a suitable solvent in the presence of a suitable catalyst, and attention should be paid to the regulation of reaction conditions to improve the yield.
On the other hand, 4-nitrophenylhydrazine and benzaldehyde are taken, and under the action of a suitable basic catalyst such as pyridine, they are refluxed in an organic solvent such as ethanol to form a hydrazone intermediate. The reaction process is quite complicated, but by controlling the ratio of reactants and the reaction time, the reaction can be promoted in the desired direction.
Subsequently, the obtained 4-iodobenzonitrile and the above-mentioned hydrazone intermediates are heated in a high-boiling organic solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of chloride salts such as sodium chloride. This process requires careful observation of the reaction process and monitoring by thin layer chromatography (TLC) until the reaction reaches the desired degree.
Finally, after cooling, filtration, washing and recrystallization, pure 2- (4-iodophenyl) -3 - (4-nitrophenyl) -5 -phenyl-2H -tetrazolium chloride can be obtained. During recrystallization, a suitable solvent, such as ethanol-water mixed solvent, should be selected to remove impurities and improve the purity of the product. Each step requires fine operation and attention to changes in reaction conditions in order to successfully prepare the target product.
2- (4-iodophenyl) -3- (4-nitrophenyl) -5-phenyl-2h-tetrazolium, what is the safety of chloride
2-% 284-Iodophenyl% 29-3-% 284-nitrophenyl% 29-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride, this substance is related to human life pharmacology, and its safety should be carefully reviewed.
Looking at its chemical structure, it contains iodophenyl, nitrophenyl and phenyl groups. The introduction of iodine or changes the physical and chemical properties of the compound, affecting its stability and reactivity. Nitro has strong electron absorption, which can change the electron cloud distribution of the compound, or make it more reactive, and may also affect its metabolism and toxicity in vivo.
Talking about toxicity, although there is no detailed ancient record, it is deduced from such nitrozole and aromatic nitro compounds, or potential toxicity. The structure of the tetrazole ring has been implied in some studies that it may have biological activity, but it may also cause biological effects, such as interfering with normal biochemical processes in organisms. The nitrophenyl part may produce cytotoxic intermediates when metabolized in the body, which damage cell structure and function.
In terms of environmental safety, if it flows into nature, it is difficult for microorganisms to degrade or accumulate in the environment due to its complex chemical structure. Its nitrogen and iodine elements may interfere with the chemical balance of water and soil ecosystems, affecting the growth and reproduction of animals and plants.
As for the risk of explosion, although there is no open flame or hot topic, the azole ring and nitro group of this compound will decompose violently when heated or impacted, or due to the instability of ring tension and nitro group, which poses a potential explosion hazard. Therefore, when handling this substance, it is necessary to be as cautious as a doctor in ancient books, wear professional protective equipment, work with good ventilation, and properly dispose of waste to ensure personal safety and environmental health.
