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What are the physical properties of 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene?
2-Bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene is one of the organic compounds. Its physical properties are quite specific, and it is related to the properties of this substance, melting boiling point, solubility and other characteristics. This is for you to explain in detail.
Looking at its properties, under normal temperature and pressure, 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene is mostly in a liquid state. Its color is colorless or slightly yellowish, clear and transparent, and has a special smell. However, this smell has no unique recognition, and it is difficult for ordinary people to describe it accurately.
As for the melting point, it has been experimentally determined to be between -20 ° C and -10 ° C. Under this low temperature environment, the substance gradually converts from liquid to solid. The boiling point is relatively high, about 230 ° C to 240 ° C. When the temperature rises, the substance jumps from liquid to gaseous. This melting boiling point characteristic is due to the intermolecular force. There is a van der Waals force between molecules. Due to the presence of bromine, fluorine and iodine atoms in the molecule, the molecular polarity is enhanced, resulting in an increase in the intermolecular force, resulting in a higher melting boiling point.
In terms of solubility, 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene has very little solubility in water and is almost insoluble. This is because water molecules are polar molecules, and although this compound has a certain polarity, due to the halogen atoms such as bromine, fluorine, and iodine, its molecular structure is quite different from that of water molecules. According to the principle of "similarity and compatibility", the two are difficult to blend. However, in organic solvents, such as ether, chloroform, and benzene, their solubility is quite good. Because organic solvents are similar in structure to this compound, the intermolecular forces can be compatible with each other, so they are compatible.
In addition, the density of 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene is greater than that of water. When it is mixed with water, it can be seen to sink to the bottom after standing. Due to the large relative atomic weights of bromine, fluorine and iodine atoms in the molecule, the molecular weight increases, and the density is higher than that of water.
In summary, the physical properties of 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene, such as properties, melting point, solubility and density, are determined by its molecular structure, which is of great significance in the field of organic chemistry and related chemical production.
What are the chemical properties of 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene?
2-Bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene is an organic halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon. Its chemical properties are unique, and it has a variety of reactive activities due to the presence of halogen atoms.
One is the nucleophilic substitution reaction. The halogen atom in this compound can be replaced by many nucleophilic reagents. Taking the hydroxyl group as an example, under suitable conditions, the base can prompt the halogen atom to leave, and the hydroxyl group can replace it to form the corresponding phenolic compound. The reaction mechanism is that the nucleophilic reagent attacks the carbon atom attached to the halogen atom on the benzene ring, and the halogen atom leaves with a pair of electrons. This reaction is very important in organic synthesis and can be used to construct a variety of organic molecules containing hydroxyl groups.
Second, metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene can participate in reactions such as Suzuki coupling and Stille coupling. In the Suzuki coupling reaction, new carbon-carbon bonds can be formed with organoboron reagents under the action of palladium catalysts, thereby constructing more complex aromatic compounds. Such coupling reactions greatly expand the scope of organic synthesis and provide an effective means for the preparation of organic materials and drug molecules with specific structures and functions.
Third, reduction reaction. The halogen atoms in the molecule can be reduced under the action of appropriate reducing agents, and the halogen atoms can be replaced by hydrogen atoms. For example, the use of strong reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride can achieve the gradual reduction of halogen atoms, which has certain value in adjusting the molecular structure and simplifying compounds.
Fourth, the difference in the activity of halogen atoms. Due to the different electronegativity and atomic radius of fluorine, bromine and iodine atoms, their activity in chemical reactions is different. Generally speaking, iodine atoms are more active and easier to participate in the reaction; fluorine atoms are relatively stable, but can also react under specific conditions. This difference in activity provides the possibility for selective chemical reactions, which can be achieved by controlling the reaction conditions. Selective conversion of specific halogen atoms can be achieved. In conclusion, 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene has a wide range of applications in the field of organic synthesis due to its rich chemical properties.
What are the main uses of 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene?
2-Bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene, or 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene, is an important intermediate in organic synthesis and has key uses in many fields.
First, in the field of medical chemistry, it is often used as a starting material for the synthesis of various drugs. Due to the characteristics of the halogen atoms attached to the benzene ring, various chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution reactions, can be used to introduce various specific functional groups to construct compound structures with specific pharmacological activities. For example, when synthesizing some anti-tumor drugs, 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene can be converted into active molecules that can precisely act on tumor cell targets through a series of reactions, providing a key structural basis for pharmaceutical research and development.
Second, in the field of materials science, it also plays an important role. Through specific chemical reactions, it can be integrated into the structure of polymer materials, giving the materials unique properties. For example, when preparing new photoelectric materials, the introduction of such halogenated benzene-containing structural units can regulate the electronic transmission properties and optical properties of the materials, and help to develop more excellent organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) materials and solar cell materials.
Furthermore, in the field of pesticide chemistry, 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene can be used as an important intermediate for the synthesis of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides. With the help of chemical modification, pesticides with high selectivity and high activity to specific pests can be prepared, and because of their structural characteristics, they may reduce the residue and toxicity of pesticides in the environment, which is in line with the current needs of green pesticide development.
In conclusion, 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene is an indispensable organic synthesis intermediate in many fields such as medicine, materials, and pesticides due to its unique molecular structure and halogen activity. It is of great significance to promote technological progress and product innovation in related fields.
What are 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene synthesis methods?
2-Bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene is an important compound in organic synthesis. Its synthesis methods are diverse. Several common methods are described in detail below:
###Halogenation reaction
1. ** Direct halogenation **: Benzene is used as the starting material and the target product can be obtained through multi-step halogenation reaction. First, benzene reacts with fluoride under suitable conditions to generate fluorobenzene. If benzene reacts with hydrogen fluoride under high temperature and high pressure under the action of a specific catalyst, fluorobenzene can be obtained. Subsequently, the bromination reaction of fluorobenzene is carried out, and the brominating agent such as bromine ($Br_2 $) can be selected. Under the catalysis of Lewis acid catalyst such as $FeBr_3 $, the reaction is carried out in a low temperature environment to introduce bromine atoms on the benzene ring to generate 1-bromo-2-fluorobenzene. Finally, through the iodization reaction, the iodine element ($I_2 $) and a suitable oxidant such as $HNO_3 $are reacted at an appropriate temperature to introduce iodine atoms at a specific position in the benzene ring to obtain 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene. This method is relatively simple, but the regioselectivity is difficult to precisely control, and various halogenated isomers may be generated. Fine separation and purification are required.
2. ** Guide group-guided halogenation **: Pre-introduction of a guide group on the benzene ring can effectively improve the regioselectivity of the halogenation reaction. For example, first introduce a guide group such as an amino group on the benzene ring, and the amino group can make the subsequent halogenation reaction mainly occur in its ortho and para-position. After a series of reactions, the guide group is removed. For example, benzene is first made into aniline, and the amino group is protected by acetyl group, and then the halogenation reaction is carried out. Bromination and iodization reactions are carried out using brominating reagents and iodizing reagents, respectively, and then the protective group is removed by hydrolysis and other reactions to obtain the target product. This method can better control the introduction position of halogen atoms, but the reaction steps are increased, and the total yield may be affected
###Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction
1. ** Suzuki coupling reaction **: Fluorine-containing aryl borates can be prepared first, such as fluorohalogenated aromatics and borate esters under the catalysis of palladium catalysts such as $Pd (PPh_3) _4 $, under basic conditions to form fluoroaryl borates. At the same time, bromine and iodine-containing halogenated aromatics are prepared. Subsequently, the fluoroaryl borates and bromine and iodine-containing halogenated aromatics undergo Suzuki coupling reaction under the same palladium catalyst and basic conditions to obtain 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene. The reaction conditions are mild, the compatibility of functional groups is good, the yield is high, and the substituent position on the benzene ring can be precisely controlled by selecting the appropriate substrate.
2. ** Ullmann reaction **: Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons containing fluorine, bromine and iodine are selected as raw materials, and the reaction is carried out in a high temperature and alkaline environment in the presence of copper catalysts such as $CuI $and ligands. The copper catalyst can promote the carbon-carbon bond coupling between halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons to form the target product. This method requires high activity of some halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon substrates, and the reaction conditions are relatively harsh, requiring high temperature, but it is an effective synthesis route under specific substrate conditions.
2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene What are the precautions in storage and transportation?
2 - bromo - 1 - fluoro - 3 - iodobenzene is an organic compound. When storing and transporting, many key matters must be paid attention to.
Be the first to bear the brunt. When storing, it must be in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. Because of its volatility and irritation, if the storage environment is not good, such as high temperature and excessive humidity, it is easy to increase its volatilization, and even chemical reactions will occur, which will affect the quality. This compound may be sensitive to air and moisture, so it needs to be properly sealed to prevent contact with air and moisture. Choose a sealed glass bottle or a special chemical storage container to ensure that the container is intact and there is no risk of leakage.
During transportation, there are also many key points. Be sure to follow relevant regulations on the transportation of hazardous chemicals. Because it may belong to the category of hazardous chemicals, transportation personnel need to be professionally trained and familiar with its characteristics and emergency treatment methods. Transportation tools must also be clean, dry, and well protected to avoid mutual contamination or reaction with other chemicals. During loading and unloading, care must be taken to prevent the container from being damaged and broken, causing it to leak. Once a leak occurs, it should be properly handled immediately according to the emergency plan, evacuate people, and prevent its spread from causing harm to the environment and people. In conclusion, whether it is storing or transporting 2-bromo-1-fluoro-3-iodobenzene, it is necessary to strictly follow the relevant specifications and operating procedures to ensure safety.
