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What is the chemical structure of 2-chloro-3-iodoisonicotinonitrile?
The chemical structure of 2-chloro-3-iodine isonicotinitrile can be studied in detail as follows.
This compound belongs to isonicotinitrile derivatives. The basic structure of isonicotinitrile is a pyridine ring system, which contains nitrogen atoms on the ring and is aromatic.
is connected to the second position of the pyridine ring with a chlorine atom. Chlorine, one of the halogen elements, has a moderate atomic radius and has a certain electronegativity. It is connected to the pyridine ring. Due to the difference in electronegativity, it can cause the distribution of electron clouds to bias, which affects the electron density and chemical activity of the pyridine ring.
In the third position of the pyridine ring, there is an iodine atom. Iodine is also a halogen element with a larger atomic radius, and its electronegativity is slightly weaker than that of chlorine. However, due to its large atomic radius, the steric resistance effect is significant, which has a great impact on the spatial structure and chemical properties of the compound.
And cyano (-CN) is attached to the pyridine ring, giving this compound unique chemical properties. The carbon-nitrogen triple bond in cyanide is highly unsaturated, with high electron cloud density and strong reactivity, and can participate in a variety of chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic addition and hydrolysis.
In summary, the chemical structure of 2-chloro-3-iodoisonitrile consists of a pyridine ring as the core, and chlorine, iodine atoms and cyanyl groups are connected at specific positions, and each part affects each other to jointly determine the chemical properties and reactivity of the compound.
What are the main uses of 2-chloro-3-iodoisonicotinonitrile?
2-Chloro-3-iodine isonicotinitrile is one of the organic compounds. It has a wide range of uses and is often a key intermediate for the synthesis of new antibacterial and antiviral drugs in the field of medicinal chemistry. Due to the existence of halogen atoms (chlorine and iodine), this compound is endowed with unique reactivity. It can be connected to various functional groups through nucleophilic substitution, coupling and other reactions to build molecules with complex structures and specific biological activities.
In the field of materials science, or can participate in the creation of functional materials. For example, in the synthesis of organic semiconductor materials, through clever design and modification, it is expected to improve the electrical and optical properties of materials by virtue of their reaction characteristics, which will contribute to the development of organic electronic devices.
In the field of pesticide chemistry, it may become an important starting material for the development of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides. Using its structural characteristics, pesticide products with high selectivity and strong biological activity to specific pests can be derived to help the effective prevention and control of agricultural pests. This is the main use of 2-chloro-3-iodoisonitrile, which plays a key role in many fields and promotes the progress and development of related science and technology.
What is 2-chloro-3-iodoisonicotinonitrile synthesis method?
To prepare 2-chloro-3-iodine isonicotinitrile, the following method can be followed.
First take isonicotinitrile as the starting material, which is the foundation. With an appropriate halogenating agent, choose the one that can introduce chlorine atoms, such as the commonly used chlorine-containing halogenating agent, and under suitable reaction conditions, make the chlorine atom replace the hydrogen atom at a specific position of isonicotinitrile to obtain a chlorine-containing intermediate. This step requires attention to the temperature of the reaction, the choice of solvent, etc. If the temperature is too high or too low, it can affect the rate and selectivity of the reaction; if the solvent is not suitable, the reaction may be difficult to occur, or many side reactions may be produced.
Get the intermediate containing chlorine, and then take the reagent Common iodine substitutes, further react with the above chlorine-containing intermediates. This step also requires careful regulation of the reaction conditions. The iodine substitution reaction conditions may be different from chlorine, such as reaction time, proportion of reactants, etc. If the proportion of reactants is improper, or the iodine substitution is incomplete, or too many iodine substitution by-products are generated.
After the reaction is completed, the product often contains impurities and needs to be separated and purified. Distillation, recrystallization, column chromatography, etc. can be selected according to the physical and chemical properties of the product and impurities. Distillation is suitable for those with large differences in boiling points; recrystallization is used for those whose solubility varies with temperature; column chromatography is separated according to the difference between adsorption and elution. Pure 2-chloro-3-iodoisonitrile can be obtained through these steps. Each step requires fine operation and attention to the details of the reaction to improve the yield and purity of the product.
What are the physical properties of 2-chloro-3-iodoisonicotinonitrile?
2-Chloro-3-iodine isonicotinitrile, which is an organic halide and the like. Its physical properties are unique, and it is usually a crystalline powder with a near-white color or a white-like state.
When it comes to the melting point, the melting point of this substance is quite high, about 180 to 190 degrees Celsius. Such a melting point depends on the force of interaction between atoms in its molecular structure. The halogen atoms such as chlorine and iodine in its molecule are implicated with cyano and pyridine rings, and by means of covalent bonds and van der Waals forces, a tight structure is constructed, resulting in an increase in the melting point.
As for solubility, 2-chloro-3-iodoisonitrile exhibits some solubility in common organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). In dichloromethane, because its molecules and dichloromethane have a certain polarity, they can be well miscible with intermolecular forces. However, in water, the solubility is very small, because water is a strong polar solvent, and although the substance contains polar groups, the overall polarity is not enough to form a good affinity with water, so it is difficult to dissolve in water.
Furthermore, its density is higher than that of water, which is due to the large relative atomic weight of chlorine and iodine atoms in the molecule, resulting in an increase in the mass per unit volume. And its stability is also worth mentioning, under conventional environmental conditions, it is relatively stable. In case of high temperature, open flame or strong oxidant, it may cause chemical reactions, because it contains cyanide groups, or releases toxic cyanide gas, and halogen atoms may also undergo substitution and elimination reactions under specific conditions.
2-chloro-3-iodoisonicotinonitrile need to pay attention to when storing and transporting
2-Chloro-3-iodoisonitrile is a chemical substance. During storage and transportation, many matters must be paid attention to.
First words storage. This substance should be stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. Because it is sensitive to temperature and humidity, high temperature and humid environment may cause its properties to change. If it is exposed to high temperature, it may cause chemical reactions, damage its quality, or even cause dangerous accidents. Therefore, the warehouse temperature should be controlled within an appropriate range, and the humidity should also be adjusted reasonably. And should be stored separately from oxidizing agents, acids, bases, etc. Due to the active chemical properties of the substance, contact with them, easy to cause chemical reactions and cause danger. At the same time, the storage area should be clearly marked, indicating the name of the substance, characteristics, danger warnings and other information for management personnel to identify and manage.
As for transportation, there are also many points. Before transportation, make sure that the packaging is intact. Packaging materials must have good protective properties and can resist vibration, collision and friction to prevent material leakage. Transportation tools must also be clean, dry, and free of residues that may react with the substance. During transportation, sun and rain should be avoided to prevent drastic changes in temperature. Transportation personnel must be professionally trained and familiar with the characteristics of the substance and emergency treatment methods. In the event of an accident such as a leak, it can be handled quickly and correctly to reduce the harm.
In addition, whether it is storage or transportation, it is necessary to strictly follow relevant regulations and standards. Relevant personnel should regularly check the storage environment and transportation conditions, and make records to ensure that 2-chloro-3-iodoisonitrile is always in a safe state to prevent adverse consequences due to negligence.