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What is the chemical structure of 2 '-fluoro-5-iodo-1-β -D-arabinofuranosylcytosine
2% 27 - fluoro - 5 - iodo - 1 - β - D - arabinofuranosylcytosine, which is the name of a chemical compound, often referred to as FIAU. Its chemical properties are specific, let me say.
The core of this compound is cytosine group, which is an important component of nucleic acid formation. Cytosine is bound to 1 - β - D-arabinofuranosyl with a specific chemical properties. Arabinofuranosyl, with furan-like properties, is slightly different from ribose or oxyribose, and the biological activity of this compound is greatly affected.
Furthermore, fluorine atoms are introduced into the 2% 27 position, and fluorine atoms can change the molecular properties of molecules due to their unique properties, and affect the properties of compounds, the characterization of substitution, and the interaction of biological macromolecules. When iodine atoms are introduced into the 5 position, the atomic half-phase of iodine atoms is large, and their empty properties cannot be ignored, which can affect the molecular status and the combination mode of the target.
, 2% 27 - fluoro - 5 - iodo - 1 - β - D - arabinofuranosylcytosine of a cytosine group, arabinofuran glycosyl and fluorine, iodine substituents in one, each part of the interaction, to give this compound specific physical, chemical and biological properties.
What are the main uses of 2 '-fluoro-5-iodo-1-β -D-arabinofuranosylcytosine
2% 27 - fluoro - 5 - iodo - 1 - β - D - arabinofuranosylcytosine, the Chinese name is often called fluoroiodarabine cytidine, this drug has unique uses. In the medical tract, it is mainly used for the treatment of diseases.
One is used for anti-tumor. In the treatment of various tumors, this drug has significant effect. Tumors, diseases in the body, cells multiply disorderly. Cytidine can enter tumor cells and hinder the proliferation of tumor cells by interfering with the synthesis of nucleic acids. If tumor cells do not have the ability to proliferate, it will be difficult to ravage and the disease can be controlled. Such as leukemia, after some patients take this drug, the disease can be relieved, the number of tumor cells in the body is greatly reduced, and the patient's physical condition is gradually stabilized.
Second, it also has the effect of adjuvant treatment for certain viral infections. Viruses invade the human body and often cause disorders. Although this drug is not specific to treating viruses, it can enhance the body's antiviral ability by regulating the metabolism of cells in the body. Taking a specific herpes virus infection as an example, in combination with other antiviral drugs, fluiodarabine can reduce the symptoms of patients and speed up the recovery process.
Third, in the field of medical research, this drug is also an important tool. Scientists use it to study the mysteries of cell proliferation and nucleic acid metabolism. By observing the effect of this drug on cells, the mechanism of cell growth and division can be clarified, providing key evidence and ideas for the development of better drugs and the exploration of new therapies for treating diseases.
What is the pharmacological mechanism of 2 '-fluoro-5-iodo-1-β -D-arabinofuranosylcytosine
2% 27 - fluoro - 5 - iodo - 1 - β - D - arabinofuranosylcytosine, the Chinese name is often called fluoroiodarabine, and its pharmacological mechanism is as follows.
This drug acts on the process of cell proliferation. In ancient times, cell proliferation is like the growth and reproduction of all things, with its own laws and paths. Cytidine fluoroiodarabine can enter cells, acting like a hidden guest, quietly changing the internal transportation of cells. Its core lies in interfering with the synthesis of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are like regular documents in cells, controlling the growth and division of cells.
Cytidine fluoroiodarabine has a unique structure, which can imitate natural nucleotides and be mixed into the process of nucleic acid synthesis. Once mixed, it is like inserting a heterogeneous object into a delicate machine, disrupting the order of nucleic acid polymerization. Its fluorine and iodine atoms give this substance special properties, which can make polymerase misrecognize it and incorporate it into the newly synthesized nucleic acid chain. In this way, the extension of the nucleic acid chain is blocked, just like the road process is blocked, and subsequent construction cannot proceed smoothly.
Furthermore, this substance also affects the DNA repair mechanism. If a cell encounters damage, it has the ability to repair it, such as repairing a damaged house. However, cytidine fluriodide disrupts the repair mechanism, and the damaged DNA cannot be repaired, resulting in gradual disorder of cell function. In this way, the growth and division of cells are inhibited, and eventually apoptosis. This is the approximate mechanism of the pharmacological action of cytidine fluriodide. According to the ancient law, I hope it can be understood in case.
What are the adverse reactions of 2 '-fluoro-5-iodo-1-β -D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in clinical application?
2% 27-fluoro-5-iodine-1 - β - D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine, that is, fludarabine, is used in clinical applications, or there are some adverse reactions. Its common adverse reactions are mainly in the blood system, which is prone to bone marrow suppression. This is because the drug affects the bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, resulting in a decrease in the number of peripheral blood cells, such as white blood cells, platelets and red blood cells, thereby increasing the risk of infection, bleeding and anemia.
Furthermore, the immune system is also affected. It can cause the body's immune function to decline, and the ability of patients to resist external pathogens is weakened, so they are more susceptible to various infectious diseases, and the degree of infection may be more serious, and the course of the disease may be prolonged and difficult to cure.
Adverse reactions to the digestive system are also quite common. Nausea and vomiting are more common. This is because the drug stimulates the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and interferes with the normal peristalsis and digestive function of the gastrointestinal tract. Some patients may also be accompanied by diarrhea, which is caused by the imbalance of intestinal absorption and secretion.
In the nervous system, some patients may experience headache, dizziness, and even psychiatric symptoms such as depression and anxiety after taking the drug. This is because the drug passes through the blood-brain barrier and affects the central nervous system.
There are also occasional adverse reactions in the cardiovascular system. Or arrhythmia, the drug affects the electrophysiological activity of the heart and causes abnormal heart rhythm.
However, when it is used in clinical practice, physicians will weigh its advantages and disadvantages, and carefully formulate a medication plan according to the patient's specific condition, physical condition and many other factors, in order to minimize the harm caused by adverse reactions when obtaining the best treatment effect.
What are the synthetic methods of 2 '-fluoro-5-iodo-1-β -D-arabinofuranosylcytosine
2% 27-fluoro-5-iodine-1-β-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine is an important organic compound that has attracted much attention in the field of medicinal chemistry. Its synthesis methods are diverse, all of which have unique principles and steps.
One of the previous synthesis methods is to use a specific sugar derivative as the starting material. First modify the sugar ring and introduce the corresponding substituent. If arabinofuranose derivatives are selected, fluorine atoms are introduced at a specific position by chemical means. This step requires precise control of the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pH and reaction time, to ensure that the fluorine atoms are precisely located at the 2% 27 position. Then, in another reaction stage, iodine atoms are skillfully introduced at the 5 position. This process requires careful selection of suitable iodizing reagents, suitable reaction solvents and catalysts to achieve the desired reaction effect and yield.
Furthermore, cytosine-based glycosyl linkage is constructed. Through a suitable chemical reaction, the modified sugar ring is connected to cytosine to form the basic skeleton of the target compound. This linkage reaction also requires careful operation to ensure that the location and configuration of the connection are accurate and meet the requirements of β-D-configuration.
Another synthesis strategy is to start from simpler raw materials and gradually build molecular structures through multi-step reactions. Intermediates containing fluorine and iodine are first synthesized, and then spliced with fragments containing sugar groups and cytosine. In this process, the order and conditions of the reaction are more strictly controlled, and each step of the reaction needs to be carefully regulated to avoid the occurrence of side reactions and improve the purity and yield of the target product.
Synthesis of 2% 27-fluoro-5-iodine-1-β-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine Although the methods vary, chemists need to be proficient in chemical principles, master experimental skills, and carefully regulate reaction conditions in order to successfully prepare this important compound, providing strong support for medical research and development and other fields.