What is the chemical structure of 2-iodo-1-phenylbenzene?

The chemical structure of 2-iodo-1-phenylbenzene, which is 2-iodo-1-phenylbenzene, can be regarded as two substituents on the benzene ring.

The main structure of this compound is a benzene ring, which is connected with a phenyl group at position 1 and an iodine atom at position 2 of the benzene ring. The benzene ring is a six-membered ring structure formed by six carbon atoms connected by special conjugated double bonds, which has unique stability and electron cloud distribution.

Phenyl is derived from the removal of one hydrogen atom from the benzene ring. As a larger substituent, it affects the electron cloud density and spatial structure of the benzene ring. The iodine atom is a halogen element with a large atomic radius and electronegativity. In 2-iodine-1-phenylbenzene, the presence of iodine atoms changes the electron cloud distribution on the benzene ring. Because the electronegativity of iodine is greater than that of carbon, the electron cloud of the benzene ring is shifted to the iodine atom.

From the perspective of spatial structure, the relative positions of phenyl and iodine atoms on the benzene ring determine the molecular spatial configuration. Due to the large size of the two, there will be a certain steric hindrance effect, which affects the molecular physical and chemical properties such as melting point, boiling point, solubility and chemical reactivity.

Overall, the chemical structure of 2-iodine-1-phenylbenzene exhibits unique properties and reactivity due to the interaction of phenyl ring, phenyl group and iodine atoms.

What are the main physical properties of 2-iodo-1-phenylbenzene?

2-Iodo-1-phenylbenzene is 2-iodo-1-phenylbenzene, also known as o-iodobiphenyl. Its main physical properties are as follows:

This substance is mostly white to light yellow crystalline powder, which is fine and powdery. It is uniform and delicate. Under normal temperature and pressure, it is stable and exists without special irritation, which is its apparent property.

Its melting point is between 63-67 ° C. When the ambient temperature rises to this range, 2-iodo-1-phenylbenzene gradually melts from solid to liquid. This melting point characteristic makes it possible to achieve phase transition under specific temperature conditions. The boiling point is around 328.8 ° C. At this high temperature, the substance is rapidly converted from liquid to gaseous state, showing obvious gasification phenomenon.

The density is about 1.56 g/cm ³, which indicates that its unit volume mass is relatively large, and it is in a specific range compared with the density of common organic compounds, reflecting the close arrangement of molecules.

2-iodine-1-phenylbenzene is extremely insoluble in water. Water is a polar solvent, and this compound is non-polar or weakly polar. According to the principle of "similar miscibility", the two are difficult to miscible. However, it is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, chloroform, etc. Such organic solvents have non-polar or weakly polar characteristics, and are similar in structure to 2-iodine-1-phenylbenzene, so they can be mutually soluble. This solubility makes it possible to choose a suitable solvent for dissolution, reaction or separation in organic synthesis and related experimental operations.

What are the common applications of 2-iodo-1-phenylbenzene in organic synthesis?

2-Iodo-1-phenylbenzene, or 2-iodo-1-phenylbenzene, is widely used in organic synthesis.

One of them is often the key raw material for building carbon-carbon bonds. For example, in the Suzuki coupling reaction, this compound can successfully form biaryl compounds with aryl boric acid with the help of palladium catalyst and base. This reaction condition is mild and selective, opening up a smooth path for the synthesis of polyaryl compounds, which is of great significance in the fields of medicinal chemistry and materials science. When preparing some organic materials with special photoelectric properties, this method is often used to synthesize biaryl materials with exquisite structures and unique properties by reacting 2-iodine-1-phenylbenzene with specific arylboronic acids.

Second, in metal-catalyzed cyclization reactions, 2-iodine-1-phenylbenzene has also emerged. With suitable metal catalysts and ligands, it can undergo intramolecular cyclization to generate complex cyclic compounds. For example, under specific conditions, it can be cyclized to construct compounds containing benzo heterocyclic structures. Such compounds are often important intermediates in the total synthesis of natural products and the development of new drugs.

Third, in the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the iodine atom of 2-iodine-1-phenylbenzene is active and easily replaced by various nucleophilic reagents. When the nucleophilic reagents are alcohols, amines, etc., ether and amine derivatives can be generated respectively. This provides convenience for the introduction of different functional groups in the design of organic synthesis routes, enriches the structural diversity of compounds, and is widely used in the synthesis of fine chemicals.

What are 2-iodo-1-phenylbenzene synthesis methods?

To prepare 2-iodo-1-phenylbenzene, there are two methods. First, iodobenzene and phenylboronic acid are used as raw materials, palladium is used as catalyst, and with the help of alkali, Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out. The reaction is as follows:
iodobenzene and phenylboronic acid, when palladium catalyzes and alkali participates, the two combine to form 2-iodo-1-phenylbenzene. This reaction condition is mild, the selectivity is good, and the yield is also quite high. The palladium catalyst used has excellent activity and selectivity, which can make the reaction proceed efficiently. The addition of base can promote the formation of reaction intermediates and speed up the reaction rate.
Second, o-iodoaniline is used as the starting material, and then reacted with benzene through diazotization. The specific steps are: o-iodoaniline first interacts with sodium nitrite and acid to form a diazonium salt. This diazonium salt is active and can react with benzene under the catalyst of copper salt to obtain 2-iodo-1-phenylbenzene. During the diazotization reaction, the temperature, the amount of acid and the dripping speed of sodium nitrite need to be precisely controlled to avoid side reactions. In the arylation reaction, the type and amount of copper salt catalyst have a great impact on the reaction.
These two methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Although the Suzuki coupling reaction has mild conditions and high yield, the cost of palladium catalyst is high; the diazotization-arylation method is common in raw materials, but the reaction steps are slightly complicated and require fine operation to obtain the ideal yield.

What are 2-iodo-1-phenylbenzene storage conditions?

2-Iodo-1-phenylbenzene is o-iodobiphenyl. This substance is more active in nature and its storage conditions are very critical.

Because of its iodine-containing atoms, it is easy to cause reactions when exposed to light or heat, causing it to deteriorate. Therefore, when stored in a cool place, away from direct sunlight, the energy in sunlight will promote its chemical reaction and shorten the storage period.

At the same time, it needs to be placed in a dry environment. Water vapor in the air or reacts with iodine-containing organic matter, causing reactions such as hydrolysis of o-iodobiphenyl, which affects the purity and quality. A desiccant can be used to maintain a dry storage environment.

Furthermore, it should be stored in a sealed container to prevent contact with air. Oxygen and other components in the air may react with o-iodiphenyl, sealing can block air from entering and reduce the chance of reaction.

When storing, it should also be kept away from fire and heat sources. This organic substance is flammable, and it is heated or causes combustion or even explosion, which threatens safety.

And it needs to be stored separately from the oxidant. Due to its structural characteristics, it is easy to react violently when encountering the oxidant. Storage separately can avoid danger.

When storing 2-iodo-1-phenylbenzene, it should be sealed and stored in a cool and dry place, away from fire and heat sources, and isolated from the oxidant, so as to ensure its quality and stability.