2 Iodopyridin 3 Ylamine

The nature of medicinal stones is related to the effect of healing diseases, and its principles are profound and cannot be ignored. The nature of medicinal stones is the first heavy yin and yang. Yin and yang, the way of heaven and earth, the discipline of all things. Medicinal stones are also divided into yin and yang, those who are warm and hot belong to yang, and those who are cold belong to yin. Yang medicine can nourish yang and suppress yin, and treat diseases of yin and cold; Yin medicine can nourish yin and control yang, and treat diseases of yang and heat. For example, aconite, which is hot in nature, is a product of pure yang, can return to yang to save the reverse, dissipate cold and relieve pain, and is suitable for the dangerous disease of dying yang and wanting to take off, cold limbs and weak veins; while Rehmannia digitalis, cold in nature, is an essential medicine for nourishing yin, can clear heat and cool blood, nourish yin and generate fluid, and is often used for hot blood, yin deficiency and internal heat.
Second words Five flavors. Sour, bitter, sweet, spicy, salty, each has its own master. Sour medicine can collect astringent, can converge the lungs and relieve cough, astringent intestines and antidiarrhea, such as Schisandra, astringent astringent, can converge the lungs and antiperspirant, astringent essence and antidiarrhea; bitter medicine can relieve dryness, or clear away heat and laxative fire, or reduce air and asthma, or vent stool, Coptis chinensis has great bitterness and cold, is good at clearing away heat, dryness and dampness, laxative fire and detoxification, which is the essential medicine for treating damp heat and fire poison; sweet medicine can replenish energy and slow down, can nourish qi and blood, reconcile medicinal properties, slow down and relieve pain, ginseng is sweet, and replenish vitality, which is the holy medicine for replenishing qi; spicy medicine can dissipate energy, can dissipate evil, promote qi and promote blood circulation, ephedra is warm, can sweat and relieve table, ventilate the lungs and calm asthma, and is Medicine; salty medicine can be soft energy, can be soft and loose knots, diarrhea laxative, seaweed is salty and cold, can be soft and loose knots, often used for galls, scrofula and other diseases.
It has the property of lifting and sinking. For those who rise and float, their main nature is upward and outward, able to publish, raise the sun, surge, and open the orifices, such as ephedra and cinnamon branches, with thin odor, able to rise and float and publish; for those who settle, their main nature is downward and inward, able to converge and stabilize, laxative, water, latent yang, calm the nerves, such as replacing ochre, which can calm the liver and latent yang, reduce reverse and stop vomiting. Doctors who use drugs should go along with their ability to rise and fall, so as to respond to the disease. Those who are sick on the surface should use the medicine of rising and floating to solve the problem; those who are sick on the inside should use the medicine of falling to cure the disease.
The nature of medicinal stones is complex and multi-pronged. Doctors must study it carefully and distinguish between yin and yang, five flavors, ups and downs, and only then can they use medicinal drugs like gods.

The preparation of medicine is related to the medicinal properties, which is of paramount importance. Alum is acidic and cold, and has the power of detoxification and insecticide, dryness and dampness to relieve itching, hemostasis and diarrhea, and heat-clearing and phlegm-eliminating. When it is processed, it also shows its unique properties.
Alum has the property of convergence. When processing other medicines, it can make the texture of the medicine dense and enhance the effect of convergence. For example, the processing of some mineral medicines can help the texture to be crispy, easy to crush and fry out the active ingredients. Because of the astringent power of alum, it can make the internal structure of the medicine firm, but it is easier to disintegrate under high temperature and other processing conditions.
Furthermore, alum has the ability of antiseptic. During processing, it can inhibit mildew and moth-eating of the medicine. Ancient healers knew the difficulty of preserving drugs, and the use of alum can just solve this worry. It can change the microenvironment in which the drug is located, making it difficult for microorganisms to survive, thereby preserving the quality of the drug and prolonging the survival of the drug.
And alum has the power of detoxification. When processing toxic drugs, its toxicity can be reduced. For example, some toxic mineral drugs are greatly reduced after being prepared by alum. Alum interacts with poisons, or changes the chemical structure of poisons, or absorbs poisons, thereby reducing their toxicity and ensuring the safety of drugs.
In addition, alum can adjust the pH of drugs. During processing, the pH of drugs can be adjusted according to drug characteristics and clinical needs to achieve the best efficacy.
Alum has the characteristics of processing, convergence, anti-corrosion, detoxification, pH adjustment, etc., making it an indispensable excipient for processing drugs. It has significant contributions in ensuring drug efficacy and drug safety. It is the key to processing drugs, and it cannot be ignored.

Mercury is also a highly toxic metal. It is used in many chemical reactions.
First, mercury is often found in redox reactions. For example, in the reaction of mercury smelting from dansa (mercury sulfide), HgS + O < $\ stackrel {high temperature }{=\!=\!=}$ Hg + SO <. In this reaction, the valence of mercury in mercury sulfide is reduced, and electrons are reduced, and mercury is converted from a combined state to a free state.
Second, the replacement reaction between mercury and metal ions. Mercury is less active than some metals. If mercury is placed in some metal salt solutions, such as silver nitrate solution, Hg + 2AgNO < unk > == Hg (NO < unk >) < unk > + 2Ag, mercury can be replaced by silver. Because the metal activity of mercury is stronger than that of silver, mercury atoms lose electrons and become mercury ions, and silver ions gain electrons to form silver elementals.
Third, the reaction between mercury and non-metals. Mercury can react quickly with sulfur powder, Hg + S == = HgS. This is a commonly used method for dealing with mercury spillage. Because mercury is easily volatilized into mercury vapor, it is extremely toxic, while sulfur reacts rapidly with mercury to form mercury sulfide solids, which are stable and difficult to volatilize, and can avoid poisoning caused by the diffusion of mercury vapor.
Fourth, in some organic synthesis reactions, mercury compounds can be used as catalysts. For example, in the hydration reaction of alkynes, mercury sulfate is used as a catalyst, and alkynes are added to water to form aldodes or ketones, such as acetylene hydration CH ≡ CH + H 2O O $\ stackrel {HgSO} {\ stackrel {=\!=\!=}{ H 2O SO}} $CH 🥰 CHO.
However, mercury is highly toxic, so be careful when using it, and take protective measures to properly dispose of mercury-containing wastes to prevent pollution of the environment and endanger life.

The method of wanting to make dinitroglycerin has been used in ancient times, and it is discussed in detail today.
Dinitroglycerin is the essential agent of explosives, and its power is huge. The method of combining it is quite complicated, and it needs to be cautious. If there is a slight error, it will cause great trouble.
One method is to use glycerin as the base and co-locate it with concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid. First pour sulfuric acid slowly into nitric acid and stir it evenly. This is because the sulfuric acid is thick and exothermic when diluted. If the order is reversed, it may cause a violent reaction and cause danger. When the acid is mixed and the temperature drops slightly, add glycerin slowly, and keep stirring during it to ensure a uniform reaction. During the reaction process, the temperature needs to be strictly controlled, and it is often cooled in a cold water bath to prevent the decomposition and explosion of dinitroglycerin due to high temperature. The chemical equation of this reaction is: $C_3H_8O_3 + 2HNO_3\ stackrel {H_2SO_4} {\ longrightarrow} C_3H_6N_2O_7 + 2H_2O $.
There is an improved method, adding a specific catalyst to the reaction system can speed up the reaction rate and improve the yield. However, the selected catalyst needs to be compatible with the reactants and does not affect the purity of the product. At the same time, the reaction vessel also needs to be careful, and it must be made of strong acid-resistant materials, such as glass or specific ceramic utensils, and well sealed to prevent harmful gases from escaping.
After the reaction is completed, the product must be purified. The commonly used method is to wash with water several times to remove the residual acid, and then extract with an organic solvent to separate the pure dinitroglycerin. When storing, you should also pay attention to it. It should be placed in a cool, dry and ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources, to prevent accidents.
Although the method of making dinitroglycerin can be used by humans, such as mining, road construction and other projects, its dangerous characteristics should not be underestimated. The operator must be familiar with the techniques and strictly abide by the procedures, so that the security is safe.

In "Tiangong Kaiwu", paper has a wide range of uses, mainly covering the following aspects:
1. ** Writing records **: One of the most important uses of paper is for writing. Since the invention of papermaking, paper has gradually replaced bamboo slips, silk and other writing materials. Whether it is the record of official documents or the exchange of folk letters, paper has become a key carrier for information transmission and preservation. Literators used it to write books and record poems and articles. Many classic ancient books have been handed down through paper, so that knowledge can be passed on. For example, the books used by students to prepare for the imperial examinations were all made of paper, which greatly facilitated the dissemination and learning of knowledge.
2. ** Printing and publishing **: With the development of printing, paper laid the foundation for the printing industry. A large number of books, documents, and scriptures can be printed and distributed. From Confucian classics to Buddhist and Taoist classics, from literary works to various technical books, through printing on paper, these contents can be widely disseminated and promote cultural prosperity and exchange. Many folk carving workshops rely on paper to print various popular books to enrich the spiritual life of the people.
3. ** Packaging Uses **: In daily life, paper can be used to pack various items. For example, merchants pack goods, paper is light and easy to process, which can effectively protect goods. Some precious items, such as porcelain, are wrapped in paper to prevent collision and damage during transportation. In the food industry, paper can also be used to wrap food and play a certain role in preservation.
4. ** Decoration and beautification **: Paper can be made into various decorations. Such as folk paper-cutting art, artists create on paper through scissors, cutting out exquisite patterns, which are used to decorate doors, windows, walls, etc., to add beauty and festive atmosphere to life. Another example is using paper to paste windows, which can not only transmit light, but also draw patterns on them to beautify the indoor environment. Some wealthy families also use colored paper to make paper flowers as interior furnishings to add elegance.
5. ** Sacrificial supplies **: In traditional customs, paper is often used as sacrificial supplies. People will cut paper into specific shapes, such as paper money, and burn it when worshiping ancestors or gods to express their remembrance for the deceased and respect for the gods. There are also paper people, paper horses, etc., which are used in sacrificial ceremonies to carry people's spiritual sustenance.