2-Pyrazinecarboxylic Acid, 5-Iodo-, Ethyl Ester

What is the main use of 2-% to geriatric acid, 5-gall-, and ethyl gallon?
2-% to geriatric acid, that is, 2-pentenoic acid, and 5-gallon, usually refers to gallops, ethyl gallons or gallons. Gallops, its main use is.
First, for the purpose of, gallops have the functions of reducing fire in the lungs, stopping heat, stopping sweat and hemostasis, and collecting blood. "Materia Medica": "Gallops, Song" Materia Medica "was included in the Ministry of Herbal Medicine, and" Jiayou Materia Medica "was moved into Mubu. Its taste is sour and salty, which can stop bleeding in the lungs, reduce phlegm, quench thirst, and collect sweat; its cold, which can dissipate poison; its nature, which can remove diarrhea, and all customers. "On the bed, it can be used for long-term cough in the lungs, long-term diarrhea, spontaneous sweating, hemorrhage in the stool, etc. With the taste of gallnut, water is applied to the area, which can treat small sweat; with the compatibility of gallnut, it can treat rash, running water, skin, etc.
Second, in the industrial field, gallnut is rich in gallnut, which is an important chemical raw material. It can be used for tanning leather, which can make leather soft and solid, and improve the durability of leather. Therefore, it is very useful in leather manufacturing. And in terms of ink production, the components of gall seeds can be used for coloring and fixing the ink, making the ink flow and last for a long time.
Third, gall seeds can be turned into plant sources in the process of production. The biologically active ingredients it contains have a certain prevention and control effect on the diseases and diseases of some crops, and the phase is different, which is more guaranteed and beneficial to the balance of life. For example, gall seed extract can inhibit the damage of certain fungi and fungi to crops, and protect the health of crops.
Fourth, in the food industry, gall seeds are also used. Because of their special taste and certain anti-corrosion properties, they can be added to food. The amount of alcohol added to some foods can reduce the taste of the food and extend the shelf life of the food, such as occasionally used in the production of some foods, ingredients, etc.

The physical properties of 2-% hydroxyglutaric acid and 5-phosphorus-ribose are as follows:
2-hydroxyglutaric acid
1. ** Appearance and properties **: Usually white crystalline powder. This substance is mostly presented in solid form, because there is a certain interaction force between molecules, which can maintain a stable solid structure at room temperature and pressure.
2. ** Solubility **: Soluble in water, because its molecules contain polar hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. These polar groups can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, which in turn makes them soluble in water. In addition, there is a certain solubility in some polar organic solvents such as ethanol, which is also attributed to the interaction between polar groups and organic solvent molecules.
3. ** Melting point **: There is a relatively clear melting point range, and the specific value will vary due to factors such as purity. The existence of the melting point is due to the fact that when the temperature rises to a certain extent, the molecule obtains enough energy to overcome the lattice energy, so that the crystal structure is destroyed, resulting in the transition from solid to liquid.
4. ** Density **: Has a specific density, which is related to the mass of its molecules and the way they are packed. In the solid state, the molecules are closely arranged so that they have a certain density value, which is one of the inherent properties of the substance.
5 -phosphorus-ribose
1. ** Appearance **: Usually white to light yellow powder. This appearance characteristic is related to its molecular structure and aggregation state. The arrangement of molecules and the reflection and absorption characteristics of light determine that it presents such color and morphology.
2. ** Solubility **: Easily soluble in water. This is because its structure contains phosphoric acid groups and multiple hydroxyl groups. These polar groups are very easy to interact with water molecules to form a stable hydrated structure, so that it has good solubility in water. It also has some solubility in some organic solvents such as alcohols, but the relative solubility in water is slightly lower, which is mainly due to the difference in the force between the organic solvent and the molecule of the substance.
3. ** Stability **: relatively stable under appropriate conditions, but more sensitive to temperature, humidity and pH. Excessive temperature may lead to the breaking of chemical bonds within the molecule or rearrangement and other reactions; when the humidity is high, it may absorb water and deliquescence, which affects its physical state; different pH environments will affect the ionization state of phosphate groups and hydroxyl groups, which in turn affects the stability of the molecule.
4. Optical rotation: It has optical rotation, which is due to the presence of chiral carbon atoms in its molecular structure, which makes the molecule asymmetric and allows the vibration plane of polarized light to rotate. Its optical rotation direction and optical rotation are important physical property indicators, which are of great significance for the study of its mechanism of action in vivo.

2-% pentenoic acid and 5-bromo-isoquinoline are both organic compounds, each with unique chemical properties.
2-% pentenoic acid, with unsaturated double bond and carboxyl group. Its double bond can undergo an addition reaction, such as hydrogenation with hydrogen under the action of a catalyst to produce valeric acid. This reaction is quite important and can be used to prepare saturated fatty acids; with halogen elementals, such as bromine water, it can be quickly added to make bromine water fade, so that the existence of its double bond can be tested. The carboxyl group is acidic and can be neutralized with bases, such as reacting with sodium hydroxide to form sodium pentenoate and water; it can also be esterified with alcohols under concentrated sulfuric acid catalysis and heating conditions to form corresponding esters and water. This reaction is widely used in the field of fragrance synthesis.
5-Bromo-isoquinoline has specific properties due to the presence of bromine atoms and isoquinoline rings. Bromine atoms are highly active and can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions. For example, when reacted with sodium alcohol, bromine atoms can be replaced by alkoxy groups to form ether compounds containing isoquinoline structures. Under appropriate conditions, they can also react with amines to form nitrogen-substituted isoquinoline derivatives, which are of great significance in drug synthesis. Different functional groups can be introduced to change the biological activity of compounds. The isoquinoline ring is aromatic and can undergo electrophilic substitution reaction. For example, under the action of appropriate catalyst, nitrification reaction can occur, and nitro groups are introduced into the ring to change its electron cloud distribution and chemical properties, which lays the foundation for the subsequent synthesis of complex organic compounds. These properties make them play a key role in many fields such as organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.

The synthesis method of 2-% pentanoic acid and 5-carboxyl-valeraldehyde has been around since ancient times, and it is mostly based on ancient books and Fang family experience.
To obtain 2-valenoic acid, one method can start from diethyl malonate and halogenated ethane. First, diethyl malonate meets sodium oxide, which removes the hydrogen of methylene in diethyl malonate, and generates carbonate negative ions. This carbonate negative ion has strong nucleophilicity, and when it meets halogenated ethane, it undergoes nucleophilic substitution, and the alkyl group is attached to diethyl malonate. After hydrolysis with acid solution, a derivative of malonic acid is obtained. Then it is heated to decarboxylate, and the carboxylation is reduced to carbon dioxide to escape, and 2-valenoic acid is obtained.
There is also crotonaldehyde as the starting one. Crotonaldehyde is oxidized, and the aldehyde group is changed to a carboxyl group to obtain 2-pentanoic acid. However, the degree of oxidation must be well controlled, and if it is too high, the carbon-carbon double bond will be damaged, resulting in impure products.
As for 5-carboxyl-pentanal, the method of reduction of glutaric anhydride can be followed. Using strong reducing agents such as aluminum hydride to treat glutaric anhydride, the carbonyl group of the anhydride is obtained from hydrogen, which is transformed into a hydroxyl group and an aldehyde group, and 5-carboxyl-pentanal can be obtained. However, lithium aluminum hydride has high activity, and the reaction needs to be in a low temperature and anhydrous environment, and the post-
Cyclopentene can also be used as the starting material. Cyclopentene is first decomposed by ozone, and the carbon-carbon double bond is broken, each with a carbonyl group. Then a suitable oxidizer is used to make one carbonyl group into a carboxyl group and the other is left as an aldehyde group, so that 5-carboxyl-pentanal is obtained. However, the operation of ozone decomposition requires special equipment, and the preparation and use of ozone are risky, so be careful when using it.

2-Pentenoic acid, 5-carboxyvaleric acid, sorbitol in the storage, pay attention to the following things:
In terms of storage, first, we should pay attention to the degree of environmental protection. Due to the high degree of 2-pentenoic acid, 5-carboxyvaleric acid or by the influence of the degree of protection. High degree of protection, or to accelerate the 2-pentenoic acid, and may cause its chemical change, such as accelerated oxidation and other reactions. The same is true for 5-carboxyvaleric acid, high temperature or increase the carboxyl activity, which is unnecessary. If the degree of loss is large, the two may cause their own degree of loss due to absorption, and may even cause side effects such as hydrolysis due to water. Therefore, the temperature is usually maintained at 5 ° C to 25 ° C, and the phase temperature is 40% to 60%.
Second, it is very important to store the container. 2-pentenoic acid and 5-carboxylvaleric acid are all acidic and can rot some gold, such as water, etc., so they cannot be stored in this gold container. It is recommended that glass, ceramic or specific plastic containers, such as polytetrafluoroethylene containers, have a certain chemical properties and are not easy to react to the two. Sorbitol, because of its polyol compounds, has a certain chemical properties, but it is also necessary to avoid the coexistence of oxidation to prevent oxidation and reaction. Storage containers need to be well sealed to prevent oxygen, moisture, etc. in the air from connecting.
In terms of packaging, the first thing is to do a good job of packaging and prevention. The packaging of 2-pentenoic acid and 5-carboxyvaleric acid can withstand certain shock and collision to prevent leakage caused by container rupture. Thick-walled glass bottles can be used to outsource materials such as foam, rubber, etc. Sorbitol needs to be packaged to avoid bumps on the way.
In addition, the process should pay attention to isolation. 2-pentenoic acid and 5-carboxyvaleric acid cannot be mixed with substances, and will not be neutralized and reversed in production. Sorbitol should not be equivalent to acid, rubber and oxidation to prevent chemical reactions from endangering safety. People should also be familiar with the characteristics of the material, and it can be properly inspected in case of emergency to ensure the safety of 2-pentenoic acid, 5-carboxyvaleric acid and sorbitol in storage.