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What are the chemical properties of 3-iodo-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid?
3-Hydroxybutyric acid, its chemical properties are as follows:
3-Hydroxybutyric acid is a compound with a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group. Chemically, the carboxyl group is acidic and can be neutralized with bases. In case of sodium hydroxide, sodium 3-hydroxybutyrate and water will be formed. This reaction is like the combination of acid and base, which neutralizes to produce salt and water.
Its hydroxyl groups can participate in many reactions. Esterification reactions can occur. When catalyzed by acids with alcohols, the hydroxyl groups combine with the hydrogen of alcohols to remove water molecules and form ester compounds. Just like craftsmen use exquisite skills to skillfully splice different components to create different products. Under the action of appropriate oxidants, hydroxyl groups can be oxidized. In case of mild oxidizing agent, it can be oxidized to aldehyde group. If the oxidizing agent is strong, it can be further oxidized to carboxyl group. This process is like a gradual change of things, from one state to another state.
3-hydroxybutyric acid can also undergo polycondensation reaction. Intermolecular carboxyl groups interact with hydroxyl groups to remove water molecules and form a polymer. Many molecules are connected to each other, just like building a grand and complex building, forming a substance with specific structures and properties. In addition, because its molecules contain both hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, under suitable conditions, they can also undergo intramolecular esterification reactions to form cyclic lactone compounds, which are like a rope connected end to end and form a ring of their own. These properties make it valuable in organic synthesis and other fields, and can be used as a raw material to prepare various useful organic compounds.
What are the physical properties of 3-iodo-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid?
3-Hydroxybutyric acid, also known as β-hydroxybutyric acid, is one of the ketone body components produced by the liver during hunger or long-term exercise in the human body, and plays a key role in the energy metabolism process in the body. Its physical properties are as follows:
In terms of appearance, 3-hydroxybutyric acid usually appears as a colorless to light yellow viscous liquid with certain fluidity at room temperature and pressure, and the visual appearance is pure and free of impurities. This form is convenient for it to participate in various physiological reactions in the body, because the liquid form is conducive to material transport and interaction.
In terms of boiling point and stability, the boiling point of 3-hydroxybutyric acid is quite high, reaching about 207 ° C. Such a high boiling point indicates that it has good thermal stability. Under normal ambient temperature, it is not easy to evaporate or decompose due to temperature fluctuations. It can exist relatively stably in the body or in a specific environment, providing a stable material basis for its participation in a series of complex physiological processes such as body metabolism.
The solubility characteristic is that 3-hydroxybutyric acid is highly soluble in water, which makes it widely transported in the body by means of the blood circulation system. Whether in intracellular fluid or extracellular fluid, it can quickly spread to the corresponding check point with good water solubility, so as to effectively participate in many important physiological activities such as energy conversion and substance synthesis; at the same time, it is also soluble in alcohols, ethers and other organic solvents, this wide solubility helps it interact with different substances and complete metabolism in complex chemical environments in organisms.
In terms of smell and taste, 3-hydroxybutyric acid has a weak and special smell, but its taste is slightly sweet. Although this weak odor and sweetness do not significantly affect the overall senses in the organism, from a microscopic perspective, it may have a subtle impact on some perceptual systems or taste-related physiological mechanisms in the organism, and when it is circulated in the body as a metabolite, it will not interfere with the normal physiological functions of the body due to its strong odor and taste.
What are the main uses of 3-iodine-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid?
3-2-pentanoacetic acid, that is, beta-butyric acid, is one of the ketones. Its main use is not yet known in the ancient books of "Tiangong", but it is now well known that it is intentional.
The first is energy supply. People are affected by specific physiological conditions, such as fasting during the period of time, or uncontrolled diabetes. Sugar replacement is affected, fat decomposition is accelerated, and a large amount of ketones is generated. Among them, beta-butyric acid can penetrate the blood barrier and supply large amounts of energy. To the most important organs, daily use of glucose energy, but in the sugar supply is not enough, β-butyric acid can be used for emergency treatment, and the normal operation of the body can be maintained.
Secondary disease. It is often used by its content in the blood or urine as a basis for certain diseases. Diabetic ketoacidosis, patients with ketoacidosis have a lot of fatigue, and the level of β-butyric acid increases. Its content can help the patient quickly diagnose the disease, and rescue the patient, and help the patient in danger.
Furthermore, β-butyric acid also has a role in the field. In the endurance period, the production of ketobutyric acid increases, and β-butyric acid can charge energy and improve endurance. Some foods or whole foods, such as ketogenic foods, can increase the level of β-butyric acid, hoping to improve the performance.
What are the synthesis methods of 3-iodo-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid?
To prepare 3-pentanedioic acid, there are three methods.
First, start with diethyl malonate and 1,3-dibromopropane. When diethyl malonate meets sodium alcohol, sodium alcohol removes the methylene hydrogen in diethyl malonate to form a carbon negative ion. This carbon negative ion nucleophilic attack one of 1,3-dibromopropane bromine to obtain an intermediate. Then at sodium alcohol, another methylene carbon of the intermediate is negatively ionized, and the remaining bromine of 1,3-dibromopropane is re-attacked to form a cyclic product. After hydrolysis and decarboxylation, 3-pentanedioic acid can be obtained. The main reaction is the activity of diethyl malonate and the order of two nucleophilic substitutions.
Second, ethyl acetoacetate and 1,3-dibromopropane are used. First, ethyl acetoacetate at the base is used to obtain carbon negative ions. Nucleophilic attack one of 1,3-dibromopropane bromide to form a product. Then with alkali action, the other methylene carbon is negatively ionized, and the remaining bromide is attacked to form a ring. Subsequent hydrolysis and decarboxylation also give 3-pentanedioic acid. This way, ethyl acetoacetate is active methylene, and the conditions for two nucleophilic reactions need to be suitable.
Third, glutaric anhydride is used as material. Glutaric anhydride first reacts with alcohols to form glutaric acid monoester. With a reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride, the ester group of glutaric acid monoester is reduced to an alcohol hydroxyl group to obtain an alkylic acid. 3-pentanedioic acid can be obtained by oxidizing the hydroxyl group of this alkyd acid to a carbonyl group with an oxidizing agent such as chromic acid. In this process, the alcoholysis, reduction and oxidation steps of anhydride all need to be controlled conditions to prevent overreaction.
These three methods have their own lengths, depending on the ease of obtaining raw materials, the difficulty of reaction and the yield.
What are the precautions for the storage and transportation of 3-iodine-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid?
3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid has several precautions during storage and transportation.
When stored, the first environment is dry. This is because 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid has certain hygroscopicity. If stored in a humid place, it is easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, resulting in damage to its quality. And it should be placed in a cool place to avoid high temperature. It is easy to cause chemical changes when heated, or the risk of decomposition and deterioration will affect the effectiveness of subsequent use. At the same time, it is necessary to isolate fire sources and oxidants. Although 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is not extremely flammable, there is still a risk in case of open flames and hot topics, and oxidants come into contact with it or cause violent chemical reactions.
When transporting, the packaging must be tight. Appropriate packaging materials must be selected to ensure that 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid does not leak during the bumpy transportation. And the transportation vehicle should be kept clean and dry to avoid other sundries and moisture mixed in. During transportation, it is also necessary to prevent sun exposure and rain to prevent the product from deteriorating due to the harsh external environment. When handling, the operator should handle it lightly, and do not drop it or put heavy pressure on it, so as not to damage the packaging and affect the quality of the product.
In conclusion, the storage and transportation of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid must be treated with caution to ensure its quality and safety.