What are the physical properties of 3-chloro-2-iodopyridine?
3-Ammonia-2-chloropyridine is an organic compound. Its physical properties are unique. Under normal temperature and pressure, it appears as a colorless to light yellow liquid. This state makes it fluid, easy to disperse and mix in various reaction systems, and then participate in many chemical reactions.
Looking at its smell, it exudes a special and pungent smell, which reminds people to pay special attention when contacting, because it is irritating or has adverse effects on the respiratory tract, eyes and other parts of the human body.
When it comes to solubility, 3-ammonia-2-chloropyridine is soluble in many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, etc. This property facilitates its application in the field of organic synthesis. It can build a suitable reaction environment with the help of different organic solvents to improve the reaction efficiency and selectivity. For example, in some organic synthesis reactions, a matching organic solvent can be selected according to the reaction requirements, so that 3-ammonia-2-chloropyridine can be fully dissolved and fully contacted and reacted with other reactants.
The boiling point is also one of its important physical properties. The specific boiling point makes it possible to effectively separate 3-ammonia-2-chloropyridine from the reaction mixture or other impurities by precisely controlling the temperature during separation and purification, so as to obtain high-purity products. In the chemical production process, accurate control of the boiling point parameter is of great significance for ensuring product quality and production efficiency.
What are the chemical properties of 3-chloro-2-iodopyridine?
3-2-1-2-2-2-3-2-3-2-3-2-3-2-3-2-3-2-3-2-2-3-2-2-3-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-2-3-3-2-2-2-3-3-3-2-3-3-3-3-3-3-3 For example, if some or all of the deuterium in water (H2O) is replaced by deuterium to form heavy water (D2O), its physical properties are lower than those of ordinary water. The melting and boiling properties of heavy water are slightly higher than those of ordinary water, and the density is also higher.
Furthermore, deuterium has good nuclear properties. In nuclear polymerization, deuterium and tritium can polymerize at high temperatures to generate helium nuclei and neutrons, which can release human energy. This is the core principle of explosive and controlled nuclear polymerization research.
In addition, deuterium also has important uses in chemical synthesis, biological research and other fields. In chemical synthesis, the isotopic effect of deuterium can be used to study antibodies; in biological research, heavy water can be used to track organisms, such as water substitution, etc. Therefore, deuterium specialization and nuclear properties play an indispensable role in the multi-domain.
What is the common synthesis method of 3-chloro-2-iodopyridine?
3-Bromo-2-butanone is an important intermediate in organic synthesis. The common synthesis methods are as follows:
1. ** Using 2,3-butanediol as raw material **:
- First, 2,3-butanediol is oxidized and cleaved with periodate ($H_5IO_6 $) or lead tetraacetate ($Pb (OAc) _4 $) under acidic conditions. This reaction is based on the principle that o-glycol can be oxidized and broken by periodate or lead tetraacetate to produce two molecules of acetaldehyde. The reaction formula is: $CH_3CH (OH) CH (OH) CH_3 + H_5IO_6\ longrightarrow + 2CH_3CHO HIO_3 + 2H_2O $.
- Acetaldehyde is then brominated, generally under acid catalysis, with bromine ($Br_2 $) for α-bromoacetaldehyde to obtain α-bromoacetaldehyde, followed by two molecules of α-bromoacetaldehyde under alkaline conditions Hydroxyaldehyde condensation reaction, and finally dehydration to obtain 3-bromo-2-butanone. Acid-catalyzed bromination reaction formula: $CH_3CHO + Br_2\ xrightarrow {H ^ +} BrCH_2CHO + HBr $; hydroxyaldehyde condensation reaction formula: $2BrCH_2CHO\ xrightarrow {OH ^ -} BrCH_2CH (OH) CH_2CHO $, dehydration reaction formula: $BrCH_2CH (OH) CH_2CHO\ xrightarrow {\ Delta} BrCH_2CH = CHCHO $, and then hydrogenation reduces the carbon-carbon double bond and adjusts the conditions appropriately to obtain the target product.
2. ** Using 2-butanone as raw material **:
-2-butanone under the action of an appropriate catalyst such as acid (such as acetic acid, etc.) or base (such as sodium alcohol, etc.), the activity of α-hydrogen of carbonyl is used for bromination reaction. Taking acid catalysis as an example, the acid protonates the carbonyl oxide, which enhances the acidity of α-hydrogen and makes it easier to be replaced by bromine. The reaction formula is: $CH_3COCH_2CH_3 + Br_2\ xrightarrow {H ^ +} CH_3COCHBrCH_3 + HBr $. This reaction requires attention to control the reaction conditions and avoid the formation of polybrominated products. It can be achieved by controlling the amount of bromine, reaction temperature and time.
3. ** Using ethyl acetoacetate as raw material **:
-Ethyl acetoacetate first undergoes nucleophilic substitution reaction with bromoethane under the action of basic reagents such as sodium alcohol, ethyl is introduced, and the corresponding substituted ethyl acetoacetate is generated. The reaction formula is: $CH_3COCH_2COOC_2H_5 + C_2H_5Br\ xrightarrow {C_2H_5ONa} CH_3COCH (C_2H_5) COOC_2H_5 + NaBr $.
- Then hydrolyzed under basic conditions, the ester group was hydrolyzed to carboxyl groups, and then acidified and decarboxylated to obtain 2-pentanone. Hydrolysis reaction formula: $CH_3COCH (C_2H_5) COOC_2H_5 + 2OH ^ -\ xrightarrow {H_2O} CH_3COCH (C_2H_5) COO ^ - + C_2H_5OH + OH ^ - $, acidification reaction formula: $CH_3COCH (C_2H_5) COO ^ - + H ^ +\ longrightarrow CH_3COCH (C_2H_5) COOH $, decarboxylation reaction formula: $CH_3COCH (C_2H_5) COOH\ xrightarrow {\ Delta} CH_3COCH_2CH_2CH_3 + CO_2 $.
- Finally, 2-pentanone is α-brominated, and the α-brominated method of 2-butanone is used to obtain 3-bromo-2-pentanone, and then the ethyl group at one end is removed and converted to 3-bromo-2-butanone by an appropriate method.
In which fields is 3-chloro-2-iodopyridine used?
"Tiangong Kaiwu" has a saying: "All nitrate is produced in China, and China specializes in the northwest." Nitrate is widely used in military, metallurgy, tanning, fireworks and many other fields.
In the military field, nitrate is the key ingredient of gunpowder. Gunpowder is one of the four great inventions of China, and saltpeter accounts for a large proportion in its formula. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, gunpowder has been used in wars, and nitrate has played an indispensable role. The roar of artillery and the rapid fire of rockets all rely on the reasonable combination of saltpeter with sulfur and charcoal to burst out with amazing power and turn the tide of the war on the battlefield.
In the metallurgical industry, nitrate is also indispensable. In the process of metal smelting, nitrate can be used as a flux. In a high-temperature environment, nitrate can chemically react with impurities in the ore, reduce the melting point of impurities, and make it easier to separate from metals, thereby improving the purity of metals. Metal smelting such as copper and iron, nitrate all play a role in promoting the refinement of metallurgical processes.
The art of tanning, nitrate can be used for leather tanning. Soaking the raw skin in a solution containing nitrate can change the structure of leather fibers, enhance the flexibility and durability of leather, and transform it from perishable hides to good materials that can be preserved and made for a long time, laying the foundation for the development of the leather products industry.
As for the field of fireworks, nitrate is the core element. On festivals, fireworks rise brightly and bloom brilliantly, all because saltpeter participates in the formula. Saltpeter is decomposed by heat, releasing oxygen, providing combustion conditions for the combustion of various metal salts in fireworks, providing a colorful fireworks landscape and adding a festive atmosphere to the festive season.
From this perspective, nitrate has significant uses in military, metallurgy, tanning, fireworks and other fields, and is an indispensable and important substance in the world.
What is the market price of 3-chloro-2-iodopyridine?
Today, there is 3-bromo-2-butanone. What is the market situation? The market situation is often affected by the situation. The ease of obtaining raw materials, the complexity of manufacturing processes, and the supply and demand of the market can all affect its performance.
If the raw materials are easy to obtain, it is convenient to collect them, and the manufacturing process is clear, it is very complex and complex, and its quantity may be abundant. In this case, the market supply is abundant. If the demand is not very strong, it may be able to be flat, or even cheap.
However, if the raw materials are rare, the collection is high, and the method of manufacturing is not good, it needs to be rare and exquisite, and the cost will be high. In addition, the market demand is strong, and the supply is not in demand.
In addition, the market conditions of different places are different, and the system of economy and economy can also make the economy more efficient. The capital is large, the business market is concentrated, and the transaction is complex, or because of the problem, it may be lower or slightly flatter; in remote places, the cost will increase, and the cost will be higher.
Furthermore, the new technology and the new technology can also affect it. If a new method is developed, it can make the manufacturing convenient, the cost will be higher, or lower; if there is a new use, the demand will increase, and the supply will not be completed, and the cost will rise.
Therefore, if you want to know the cutting market of 3-bromo-2-butanone, you need to check the quality of raw materials, the method of manufacturing, and the supply and demand of market stores.
