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What are the main uses of 3-iodo-2-propoxypyridine?
3-Iodo-2-propoxypyridine, an organic compound, is widely used in the field of organic synthesis.
First, it is often used to construct complex organic molecular structures. Due to the properties of pyridine rings and iodine and propoxy groups, iodine atoms can be replaced by other functional groups through various chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution reactions, and then various functional fragments can be introduced to construct organic macromolecules with diverse structures, which is of great significance in the synthesis of lead compounds in the early stage of drug development.
Second, it also has applications in the field of materials science. It can be used as a monomer to participate in polymerization reactions to prepare polymer materials with specific photoelectric properties. The structure of the pyridine ring endows the material with a certain electron transport ability, and the propoxy group can adjust the solubility and processability of the material, so it may play a key role in the synthesis of organic optoelectronic materials, such as organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) and organic solar cell materials.
Third, in the field of catalysis, it may act as a ligand. The nitrogen atom on the pyridine ring has lone pairs of electrons, which can coordinate with metal ions to form complexes. Such complexes can be used as efficient catalysts in catalytic reactions, such as transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, to improve the selectivity and activity of the reaction, providing a more convenient and efficient way for organic synthesis.
Fourth, in the field of medicinal chemistry, based on it as the skeleton, through structural modification and optimization, compounds with biological activity may be obtained. By changing the substituents on the pyridine ring, the lipophilicity, electrical properties and the interaction with biological targets of the molecule are regulated, so as to develop drugs with specific pharmacological activities, such as anti-cancer, antibacterial and other drugs.
What are 3-iodo-2-propoxypyridine synthesis methods?
The synthesis method of 3-iodine-2-propoxypyridine is an important topic in the field of organic synthesis. Its synthesis paths are diverse and are described in detail below.
First, 2-hydroxypyridine is used as the starting material. First, 2-hydroxypyridine is reacted with a propylation reagent, such as propyl halide (propyl bromide or propyl chloride), in an alkaline environment. The base can be selected from potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, etc., in a suitable organic solvent, such as acetonitrile, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), heated and stirred, and 2-propoxypyridine is obtained by nucleophilic substitution. Subsequently, under appropriate reaction conditions, iodine atoms are introduced. Iodizing reagents such as N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) can be used to react in organic solvents such as dichloromethane under the catalysis of catalysts such as Lewis acid (such as ferric chloride, etc.) to obtain 3-iodine-2-propoxypyridine.
Second, pyridine derivatives are used as starting materials. If pyridine with suitable substituents is available, the target product can be synthesized by selective functional group conversion. For example, if there are groups on the pyridine ring that can be converted to propoxy, the propoxylate reaction can be carried out first. After that, using a suitable iodine substitution method, such as the above-mentioned NIS and other reagents, the iodine substitution reaction is carried out under suitable conditions to realize the synthesis of 3-iodine-2-propoxypyridine.
In addition, the coupling reaction catalyzed by transition metals can also be considered. First, propoxy-containing pyridyl borate or other similar active intermediates are prepared, and then with iodine substitutes, under the action of transition metal catalysts (such as palladium catalysts, such as tetra (triphenylphosphine) palladium, etc.), the coupling reaction is carried out in a suitable base and solvent system to achieve the purpose of synthesizing 3-iodine-2-propoxypyridine. This method requires precise control of the reaction conditions to improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction.
In short, there are many methods for synthesizing 3-iodine-2-propoxypyridine, and the appropriate synthesis path needs to be selected according to the actual situation, such as the availability of raw materials, the difficulty of controlling the reaction conditions, and the cost.
What are the physical properties of 3-iodo-2-propoxypyridine?
3-Iodo-2-propoxypyridine is an organic compound with unique physical properties. Under normal conditions, it is mostly solid or liquid, and its appearance may be colorless to light yellow, but the specific purity and impurities vary.
When it comes to the melting point, due to the existence of iodine atoms and alkoxy groups in the molecular structure, the intermolecular forces are complex, and the melting point is in a specific range. However, the exact value depends on the synthesis method and purity. The same is true for the boiling point. The iodine atom has a large mass and the pyridine ring and alkoxy group affect the interaction between molecules, making its boiling point higher, reflecting the energy required for the molecule to leave the liquid state.
In terms of solubility, this compound has a certain polarity due to the pyridine ring, and has a certain solubility in polar organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone, and can interact with polar solvent molecules. However, due to the presence of non-polar alkoxy groups, the solubility in water is limited. Because water is a strong polar solvent, the interaction with the compound molecules is weak.
In addition, the density of 3-iodo-2-propoxypyridine is also restricted by molecular structure and atomic composition. The relative atomic weight of iodine atoms is large, which increases the molecular weight and improves the density. The specific density value needs to be accurately determined by experiments.
Furthermore, the compound has low volatility. Due to the strong intermolecular force, it is difficult for molecules to escape from the liquid surface to form gas-phase molecules, and the volatilization rate is slow at room temperature.
In short, the physical properties of 3-iodo-2-propoxypyridine are determined by its own structure. When it is studied and applied in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical chemistry and other fields, its physical properties are the key factors to consider, which affect the choice of reaction conditions and the separation and purification of products.
What are the chemical properties of 3-iodo-2-propoxypyridine?
3-Iodo-2-propoxypyridine is an organic compound with unique chemical properties. Its chemical activity is high, and the activity of iodine atoms is prominent. Due to the large radius of iodine atoms, relatively small electronegativity, and low C-I bond energy, it is easy to undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions. Nucleophilic reagents such as alkoxides and amines are easy to attack carbon atoms connected to iodine, causing iodine to be replaced and forming new compounds. Like reacting with alkoxides to form ethers, reacting with amines to obtain nitrogen-containing derivatives.
Furthermore, the pyridine ring also affects its properties. Pyridine rings are aromatic, with special electron cloud distribution. Nitrogen atoms have lone pairs of electrons, which makes the electron cloud density of pyridine rings uneven. The 2-position propoxy group has weak electron-giving ability, which decreases the electron cloud density of the pyridine ring slightly, which affects the reaction activity and selectivity. The 3-position iodine atom is affected by the pyridine ring, and the nucleophilic substitution reaction activity will also change.
In terms of solubility, the propoxy group has a certain lipophilicity, and has better solubility in organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and ether. However, the molecule contains polar pyridine rings, which have limited solubility in water, but the solubility in water is slightly better than compounds with all non-polar groups.
In terms of thermal stability, the compound is stable under normal conditions, and the C-I bond and C-O bond (where the propoxy group is connected to the pyridine ring) may be broken at high temperature, initiating decomposition reactions.
In terms of redox properties, the pyridine ring can be oxidized, and in the presence of appropriate oxidants, the pyridine ring may be oxidized to open the ring or form pyridine N-oxide. At the same time, iodine atoms can be reduced and removed under the action of suitable reducing agents, resulting in structural changes of the compound.
What is the price range of 3-iodo-2-propoxypyridine in the market?
I don't know what the price range of 3-iodo-2-propoxypyridine is on the market. The price of these compounds often varies due to many factors.
First, the purity has a great impact. If the purity is extremely high, it is almost flawless, the preparation is difficult, the required process is complicated and the cost is high, and the price will be high; if the purity is slightly lower, although the preparation is slightly easier, it will be relatively low for specific purposes or not up to standard.
Second, the market supply and demand relationship determines the price. If the demand for this product is strong in the fields of pharmaceutical research and development, chemical synthesis, etc., but the supply is limited, the supply is in short supply, and the price will rise; conversely, if the demand is low and the supply is excessive, the price will decline.
Third, the scale of production is also the key. In large-scale production, due to the scale effect, the unit cost can be reduced, and the price may be more affordable; in small-scale production, the cost remains high and the selling price is also high.
Fourth, the source channel also has an impact. Importers, or due to tariffs, transportation and other costs, have higher prices; local production, if there are no factors such as technological monopoly, the price may be more competitive.
However, if you want to know the exact price range, you need to check the quotations of chemical product trading platforms, reagent suppliers, or consult people familiar with the market in the industry to obtain an accurate number.