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What is the chemical structure of 3-iodo-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl?
This is a question about the chemical structure of 3-iodine-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl. I will describe it in the style of the ancient Chinese saying of "Tiangong Kaiwu".
This compound is based on biphenyl, and the 1 'position of one benzene ring is connected to the 1' position of the other benzene ring. At the 4 'position, tert-butyl is connected by a carbon atom to the benzene ring, and the carbon atom is connected to three methyl groups. At the 3rd position, there is an iodine atom attached. And at the 4th and 5th positions, each is connected to a bromine atom. In this structure, the benzene ring is a six-membered carbon ring with a stable structure of conjugated double bonds. Tert-butyl is a branched hydrocarbon group, which affects the spatial resistance and electron cloud distribution of compounds. Iodine and bromine atoms, because of their electronegativity, also have a significant impact on the properties of compounds and can participate in many chemical reactions. In this way, the chemical structure of 3-iodine-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl is clear.
What are the physical properties of 3-iodo-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl?
3-Iodo-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl is an organic compound with unique physical properties. It is a solid, and the melting point varies depending on the intermolecular force. Because the molecule contains heavy atoms iodine, bromine and tert-butyl, the intermolecular force is enhanced, and the melting point may be higher. To accurately know the melting boiling point, it is necessary to test or consult professional literature.
In terms of solubility of this compound, since it is a non-polar or weakly polar organic molecule, according to the principle of "similar miscibility", it may have good solubility in non-polar or weakly polar organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, and dichloromethane, but it has poor solubility in highly polar solvents such as water.
This compound has a certain density, and its density may be greater than that of common organic solvents due to the heavy atoms of iodine and bromine. However, its exact density also needs to be measured experimentally.
In terms of spectral properties, in the infrared spectrum, there will be vibration absorption peaks of carbon-hydrogen bonds and carbon-carbon bonds, and there may be specific absorption peaks due to the presence of iodine and bromine atoms. In nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms in different chemical environments will have corresponding characteristic peaks, which can help to identify structures. The physical properties of 3-iodo-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl are influenced by atoms and groups in molecular structure. It is necessary to pay attention to these physical properties in its research and application.
What are the main uses of 3-iodo-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl?
3-Iodo-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl is a specific compound in the field of organic chemistry. This compound has important uses in many fields such as organic synthesis and materials science.
In the field of organic synthesis, it is often used as a key intermediate. Because its structure contains halogen atoms such as iodine and bromine, and tert-butyl groups are also attached to the benzene ring, these functional groups give this compound unique reactivity. Halogen atoms can participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions, metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, etc. For example, in the classic Suzuki coupling reaction, iodine atoms and bromine atoms can react with boron-containing reagents respectively to form carbon-carbon bonds and realize the synthesis of complex organic molecules. With this reaction, chemists can connect this compound with other suitable organic fragments to synthesize organic compounds with specific structures and functions, which is particularly critical for the design and synthesis of drug molecules in medicinal chemistry.
In the field of materials science, 3-iodo-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl also plays an important role. In view of its unique molecular structure, it can be introduced into the skeleton of polymer materials through appropriate chemical modification. In this way, the electrical and optical properties of polymer materials can be changed. For example, in organic optoelectronic materials, the introduction of this compound may adjust the energy level structure of the material, improve the absorption and emission efficiency of the material to light, and then be used to prepare photoelectric devices such as organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) and organic solar cells with better performance.
In addition, due to the steric resistance effect of tert-butyl, the spatial structure of this compound will also affect its physicochemical properties. In some self-assembled systems, its unique spatial structure may guide molecules to arrange in a specific way to form an ordered supramolecular structure, which also has potential application value in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology.
In summary, 3-iodo-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl, with its unique structure and reactivity, occupies an important place in many frontier fields such as organic synthesis and materials science, providing rich possibilities for research and development in related fields.
What are the common methods for synthesizing 3-iodo-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl?
The common methods for synthesizing 3-iodo-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl are as follows:
First, the coupling reaction method. Metal-catalyzed coupling reactions can be used, such as Suzuki coupling reaction. First, aromatic derivatives containing boron and aromatic derivatives containing halogen atoms are prepared respectively. Halogen-containing ones, such as 4- (tert-butyl) -2,3-dibromobromobenzene, boron-containing ones, such as 3-iodophenylboronic acid, are heated in a mixed solvent of palladium catalysts such as Pd (PPh < unk >), bases such as potassium carbonate (K < unk > CO < unk >), and suitable solvents such as dioxane and water. The palladium catalyst activates halogen atoms and boron groups to couple, thereby forming a biphenyl structure. This reaction condition is relatively mild, with good selectivity and high yield.
Second, the halogenation reaction is combined with other transformations. First, 4- (tert-butyl) -1,1 '-biphenyl is used as the starting material, and a halogenated reagent such as N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) is used for bromination reaction. Under the action of light or initiator, NBS can selectively introduce bromine atoms on the aromatic ring to obtain 4,5-dibromo-4' - (tert-butyl) -1,1 '-biphenyl at a suitable position. Then, through iodization reaction, the other position is iodized under acidic conditions with iodine elemental substance (I 2O) and suitable oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2O) to obtain the target product.
Third, Grignard reagent-related reactions. First prepare Grignard reagents containing halogen atoms, such as 4 - (tert-butyl) -2,3 - dibromobromobenzene reacting with magnesium to obtain Grignard reagents. Then react with iodine-containing aryl halides or suitable iodine substitutes under the catalysis of transition metal catalysts. Transition metals can promote the cross-coupling of Grignard reagents with iodine substitutes to obtain 3 - iodo - 4,5 - dibromo - 4 '- (tert - butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl. This process should pay attention to the anhydrous and oxygen-free requirements of Grignard reagents preparation and reaction conditions to avoid failure of Grignard reagents.
What are the precautions for 3-iodo-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl during storage and transportation?
3-Iodo-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl is an organic compound, and there are many points to be paid attention to during storage and transportation.
When storing, the first choice of environment. It should be placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. Because the compound may be sensitive to heat, high temperature can easily cause it to deteriorate or cause dangerous reactions. If placed in a humid environment, moisture may react with the compound, affecting its purity and stability.
Furthermore, the choice of storage containers is also crucial. Corrosion-resistant materials such as glass or specific plastic containers should be used. Glass containers are chemically stable and not easy to react with compounds; plastic containers need to ensure that their materials do not interact with the compounds. Containers must be tightly sealed to prevent the intrusion of impurities such as air and moisture.
When transporting, relevant regulations and standards must be strictly followed. Because it may be a dangerous chemical, the transportation regulations involved should be clear before transportation. The packaging must be stable and reliable to resist vibration and collision during transportation. The name, nature and warning label of the compound should be clearly marked on the outside of the package to make it clear to transporters and regulators.
The transportation temperature should also be carefully controlled to avoid too high or too low. Abnormal temperature or change the physical and chemical properties of the compound, such as melting point, boiling point, etc., causing its state to change or decompose. The transportation vehicle should also be kept clean and free of other substances that may react with it.
In summary, 3-iodo-4,5-dibromo-4 '- (tert-butyl) -1,1' -biphenyl should pay attention to the environment, container, regulatory compliance, packaging and temperature during storage and transportation to ensure its safety and stability.