3-Iodobenzoic Acid

3 - dogwood acid, namely dogwood acid, has many main uses. Although "Tiangong Kaiwu" does not describe dogwood acid in detail, it can be used as circumstantial evidence in the genera, medicinal uses, and craftsmanship of related plants and trees.
In the way of medicine, dogwood acid has significant effects. Dogwood acid is famous for its ability to warm the middle, relieve pain, regulate qi, and dry and wet, and the dogwood acid it contains is the key ingredient for its medicinal effect. Ancient physicians often used dogwood as medicine to use its sexual heat to dispel cold evil. Among them, dogwood acid may participate in the process of warming meridians, reconciling qi and blood, and relieving pain. In the case of cold and wet athlete's foot disease, dogwood is also used, or because dogwood acid can help dryness, improve the wet and cold state of the feet, and reduce the disease.
In the field of spice production, dogwood acid also contributes. The aroma of dogwood is unique, and the dogwood acid it contains may be one of the sources of aroma. In ancient times, dogwood was often used for incense production to add fragrance. In the homes of the court nobles, burning dogwood spices can not only remove odors, but also create an elegant aroma environment. Dogwood acid plays a key role in the formation and emission of aroma, adding a unique flavor to the spice.
In agriculture and ecology, dogwood acid also has potential value. Dogwood plants grow in mountain forests, and the dogwood acid they contain may have a regulatory effect on the surrounding ecology. If it may affect the soil microbial community, it will change the soil nutrient cycle, which is conducive to plant symbiosis. And dogwood acid may have a certain deworming effect, reduce plant pests, and be beneficial to the maintenance of natural ecological balance.

3-Hydroxybutyric acid, also known as β-hydroxybutyric acid, is a type of ketone body produced by the human body under a specific physiological state. Its physical properties are quite unique and have important effects in many fields, which will be described in detail below.
Under normal temperature and pressure, this substance appears as a colorless to light yellow viscous liquid, just like the dew flowing slowly in the mountains and forests in the morning, with a uniform and delicate texture. Its smell is weak and unique, seemingly absent, like a mysterious smell hidden in the air, which requires an extremely keen sense of smell to detect. It is highly soluble in water, and when it melts with water, it is like snow and ice merging into a stream, quietly. This characteristic is due to the strong interaction between its molecular structure and water molecules. Not only that, 3-hydroxybutyric acid also exhibits good solubility in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether, just like a fish getting water, freely shuttling through different solvent environments.
The melting point of 3-hydroxybutyric acid is about 18 ° C, just like the temperature at which ice and snow melt when the sun first shines in spring. When the ambient temperature is slightly higher than this value, it changes from a solid state to a liquid state lightly, like a sleeping spirit being awakened and starting to move. And its boiling point is around 207 ° C. At this temperature, it will turn into a gaseous state, curl up, and go to a wider space.
From the density point of view, it is slightly heavier than water, like a calm elder, sinking naturally in the water, but coexisting harmoniously with the water, not separated from the water due to its own weight. This density property makes it occupy a unique position among many chemical and biological systems, participating in various subtle reactions and processes.
To sum up, the unique physical properties of 3-hydroxybutyric acid determine its important position and wide application in many fields such as biochemistry, medicine and industry. It is like a shining star shining in the scientific firmament.

3-Carboxybutyric acid, also known as β-hydroxybutyric acid, is a ketone body formed by the human body under specific physiological conditions. The following is a brief description of its chemical properties:
1. ** Acidic **: The molecule contains a carboxyl group (-COOH), which is a typical acidic functional group, so 3-carboxybutyric acid is acidic. It can neutralize with bases to form corresponding carboxylic salts and water. For example, with sodium hydroxide (NaOH):
$CH_3CH (OH) CH_2COOH + NaOH\ longrightarrow CH_3CH (OH) CH_2COONa + H_2O $
This reaction is similar to the reaction of common carboxylic acids and bases, and follows the basic law of acid-base neutralization.
2. ** Hydroxy reaction **: The molecule also contains hydroxyl (-OH), which gives it unique reactivity. Esterification can occur. When co-heated with carboxylic acid or its derivatives under acid catalysis, the hydroxyl group dehydrates and condenses with the carboxyl group to form an ester. For example, under concentrated sulfuric acid catalysis with acetic acid:
$CH_3CH (OH) CH_2COOH + CH_3COOH\ underset {\ Delta} {\ overset {H_2SO_4} {\ rightleftharpoons}} CH_3CH (OOCCH_3) CH_2COOH + H_2O $
In addition, the hydroxyl group can also be oxidized. Under the action of an appropriate oxidizing agent, it can be oxidized to an aldehyde group first, and if the oxidizing agent is excessive and the conditions are suitable, it can be further oxidized to a carboxyl group.
3. ** Thermal decomposition **: When heated, 3-carboxybutyric acid will decompose. Because the carboxyl group and the hydroxyl group are adjacent to each other in the structure, intra-molecular dehydration is prone to occur when heated to form unsaturated acids or lactones. Under certain conditions, crotonic acid ($CH_3CH = CHCOOH $) and water can be formed:
$CH_3CH (OH) CH_2COOH\ underset {\ Delta} {\ longrightarrow} CH_3CH = CHCOOH + H_2O $
If the reaction conditions are different, a cyclic lactone structure may also be formed, which is caused by its special intramolecular interaction and spatial structure.
4. ** Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction **: Due to the influence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, the hydrogen on the carbon atom connected to the hydroxyl group in the molecule has a certain activity, and in the presence of appropriate nucleophilic reagents, nucleophilic substitution reactions can occur. Nucleophilic reagents attack the carbon atom and replace the hydrogen atom on it, thereby generating new organic compounds. This reaction enriches the chemical conversion pathway of 3-carboxybutyric acid.

The synthesis method of 3-benzyl malic acid covers a number of things. One is obtained by the reaction of benzylation starting with malic acid. In this way, appropriate reagents and conditions are required to make benzyl conjugate with malic acid. For example, benzyl halide and malic acid in the presence of a base are reacted by nucleophilic substitution, which can cause benzyl to be attached to a specific position of malic acid.
And with suitable starting materials, it can be obtained by multi-step reaction. First, an intermediate with a specific structure is prepared, and then 3-benzyl malic acid is obtained by the transformation and modification of functional groups. For example, a compound containing carboxyl groups and active hydrogen interacts with benzylating reagents to introduce benzyl groups, and then through specific reaction steps, the remaining functional groups are converted into the corresponding structure of malic acid.
Another method is to start with natural products and chemically modify them to obtain. Substances in nature or with similar structures can be modified by chemical means, such as hydrolysis, esterification, substitution, etc., to form 3-benzyl malic acid.
When synthesizing, it is necessary to carefully observe the conditions of each reaction, such as temperature, pH, catalyst, etc., because they have a significant impact on the yield and selectivity of the reaction. And each step of the reaction needs to be carefully planned to ensure the high efficiency and feasibility of the synthesis path, so that the pure 3-benzyl malic acid can be obtained by a suitable method.

3-Hydroxybutyric acid, when storing and transporting, it is necessary to pay attention to many key matters.
The first thing to pay attention to is its characteristics. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid has certain chemical activity and may be sensitive to heat, light, air and other factors. When storing, it should be placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, away from heat sources and open flames, to prevent heat decomposition or ignition and other hazards. Because it is sensitive to light, it should be stored in a light-shielded container to avoid direct light and reduce the risk of deterioration due to light.
This is the second time for packaging. The choice of suitable packaging materials is the key. Packaging needs to be able to effectively block air and moisture to prevent 3-Hydroxybutyric acid from absorbing moisture or reacting with components in the air. Generally speaking, use containers with good sealing performance, such as glass bottles, plastic bottles, etc., and ensure that the caps are tightly sealed. During transportation, the packaging should also be sturdy and durable enough to withstand a certain external impact to avoid leakage due to package damage.
Furthermore, the logo is clear. Whether it is stored or transported, the container should be marked with clear information, such as the name of the substance, nature, dangerous characteristics, etc. In the event of an unexpected situation, others can quickly understand the situation and take appropriate measures.
In addition, follow the regulations. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid or a controlled substance, storage and transportation must strictly follow the relevant national and local laws and regulations. The operation process should be handled by professionals to ensure that all links are legal compliance and prevent violations of laws and regulations. In this way, the storage and transportation of 3-hydroxybutyric acid can ensure maximum safety and avoid accidents.