3 Trifluoromethoxy Iodobenzene

"Tiangong Kaiwu" says: "Tris (trihydroxymethyl) propane has a wide range of uses, and there are three important ones.
First, in the field of paint, it is a key component. This substance can make the paint have better adhesion. When applied, it can closely adhere to the surface of various materials, making the coating stable. And it can enhance the durability of the paint. After a long time, it is not afraid of wind and rain erosion, sun exposure, the color is still bright, and the texture is as tough as ever. In addition, it can optimize the smoothness of the paint. After applying, the surface is smooth like a mirror, without ripples and bumps, and improve the appearance.
Second, it plays a significant role in the manufacture of polyurethane foam. As a polyol raw material, it participates in the reaction to form a foam structure. With its special chemical structure, the hardness and elasticity of the foam can be adjusted. If you want to get a hard foam to support heavy objects and heat insulation, it can be precisely prepared; if you need a soft foam to provide a comfortable touch, it can also be prepared on demand.
Third, in the field of adhesives, it is also indispensable. It can give the adhesive a strong bonding force and make different materials closely connected. Whether it is metal and metal, metal and non-metal, or non-metal, it can be firmly bonded, and it plays a key role in industrial production, daily repair and many other scenarios.
From this point of view, tris (trihydroxymethyl) propane plays a pivotal role in coatings, polyurethane foam, adhesives and other industries, and is really an important raw material in the chemical industry. "

Tris (trihydroxyethyl) phosphine is an organic compound with many unique physical properties.
Under normal conditions, it is mostly a colorless to light yellow transparent liquid, which looks clear and has good fluidity. Smell, the substance has a slight odor and almost no special odor. This characteristic is quite advantageous in many application scenarios, which can avoid product quality being affected by strong odor.
In terms of solubility, tris (trihydroxyethyl) phosphine exhibits good solubility in water and various polar organic solvents. It can be miscible with water in any ratio, and can also dissolve rapidly in organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and acetone. This excellent solubility makes it easier to disperse uniformly when the chemical reaction system is constructed, which effectively promotes the reaction, improves the reaction efficiency and product purity.
The boiling point is about 190-200 ° C. This boiling point allows it to maintain a liquid state under conventional reaction conditions and ensures the stability of the reaction system. In some reactions that require heating, it can effectively avoid changes in the concentration of the reactants due to premature volatilization, providing a guarantee for the smooth progress of the reaction.
Its density is roughly 1.1-1.2 g/cm ³, and the moderate density is similar to that of other common reagents. In experimental operations and industrial production, it is easier to control the material measurement and mixing process, which is conducive to the accurate deployment of the reaction system.
In addition, tris (trihydroxyethyl) phosphine has a high flash point, generally above 100 ° C, which means that during storage and use, the risk of combustion due to accidental open flames or high temperatures is relatively low, and it has good safety. It can effectively reduce safety hazards during operation.

To make tri (triethoxy) boron ester, there are various methods.
First, boric acid and ethanol are used as the starting point, and concentrated sulfuric acid is used as the catalyst, which is co-placed in a flask and heated to reflux. This reaction process is the dehydration and condensation of the hydroxyl groups of boric acid and ethanol ($C_2H_5OH $). The chemical principle is that boric acid ($H_3BO_3 $) has trihydroxyl groups, and ethanol ($C_2H_5OH $) contains monohydroxyl groups. When the two meet, they are promoted by concentrated sulfuric acid, and water is lost between the hydroxyl groups to form an ester bond. After the reaction is completed, tri (triethoxy) boron ester can be purified by distillation.
Second, boron halide and sodium ethanol are used as materials. First, the boron halide (such as $BCl_3 $) reacts with sodium ethanol ($C_2H_5ONa $) in an anhydrous environment. The boron atom in the boron halide has strong electrophilicity, and the ethoxy negative ion in the sodium ethanol has nucleophilicity. When the two collide, the ethoxy group replaces the halogen atom and gradually forms the target product. This process requires strict control of anhydrous, because the boron halide reacts violently in contact with water. After the reaction, through extraction, drying, distillation and other processes, pure tris (triethoxy) boron esters are also obtained.
Third, borane and ethanol are used as the base. Borane (such as $B_2H_6 $) reacts with ethanol. Borane (such as $) reacts with ethanol, and boron hydrogen bonds in borane interact with ethanol, and ethoxy gradually This reaction often requires specific catalysts and suitable reaction conditions to promote the smooth reaction. After the reaction is completed, high-purity tris (triethoxy) boron esters can be obtained through a series of separation and purification methods, such as filtration, distillation, etc.
All production methods have advantages and disadvantages. In actual operation, the choice should be weighed according to various factors such as the availability of raw materials, the level of cost, and the purity of the product.

When storing and transporting tri (triethoxy) silane, the following matters must be paid attention to:
First, the storage place must be selected in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. This is because tri (triethoxy) silane is susceptible to humid air and undergoes hydrolysis. If the storage environment is humid, it is easy to cause it to deteriorate and reduce its performance. And it should be kept away from fires and heat sources to prevent hazards such as combustion due to excessive temperature or exposure to open flames.
Second, the storage container must be tightly sealed. It can be stored in metal drums or specific plastic containers, but the selected container must be able to withstand its chemical properties and not react with it. A good seal can avoid excessive contact with the air, delay possible chemical reactions, and prevent it from evaporating and escaping, causing losses and potential dangers.
Third, during transportation, it should be strictly implemented in accordance with the transportation specifications of hazardous chemicals. Transportation vehicles need to be equipped with corresponding fire equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment to prevent unexpected situations during transportation. And during transportation, ensure that the container is stable to avoid collision, dumping, and leakage.
Fourth, operators should also take protective measures. When exposed to tris (triethoxy) silane, it is advisable to wear appropriate protective equipment, such as protective glasses, gloves, and protective clothing, to prevent it from contacting the skin and eyes and causing injury. In case of accidental contact, rinse with plenty of water immediately and seek medical attention promptly.

The safety risks involved in tri (triethoxy) borosilicate are numerous and cannot be ignored.
The first to bear the brunt is the risk of fire. This substance is flammable and easy to burn in case of open flames and hot topics. If the storage environment temperature is too high, or there is a fire source nearby, it will be like a fire, and it may cause a raging fire at any time. The fire spreads rapidly and is extremely harmful.
The second is a health risk. If its volatile vapor is inhaled into the human body, it will be strongly irritating to the respiratory tract. If it is light, cough, asthma, severe or breathing difficulties, or even life-threatening. Contact with the skin may cause symptoms such as allergies, redness, swelling, and tingling. If it is not carefully entered into the eyes, it will cause serious damage to the eyes and affect vision.
The third is the risk of reactivity. Tri (triethoxy) borosilicate may react violently in contact with water or humid air, releasing harmful gases. Under certain conditions, it may also have dangerous chemical reactions with other chemicals, generating unstable or toxic substances, further expanding the scope of harm.
The fourth is the risk of storage and transportation. When storing, if strict regulations are not followed, if it is not placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, or mixed with contraindicated substances, it is easy to cause safety accidents. During transportation, factors such as bumps in the road and temperature changes, if not properly dealt with, may also cause packaging damage and material leakage, thus causing a series of safety problems.
All these safety risks require careful precautions in the production, use, storage and transportation of tri (triethoxy) borosilicate, and must not be taken lightly to ensure personnel safety and environmental safety.