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What are the main uses of 4-butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl?
4-Butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl is 4-butyl-4' -iodobiphenyl, which is widely used. In the field of organic synthesis, it is often used as a key intermediate. Due to its molecular structure, butyl and iodine atoms give their unique reactivity and spatial configuration.
In the field of materials science, this material can be used as a raw material to prepare photoelectric materials with excellent performance. For example, by incorporating it into a conjugated polymer system through a specific chemical reaction, the charge transport performance of the material can be significantly improved, and then it can be used in the manufacture of organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) or organic solar cells to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of such devices.
In the field of medicinal chemistry, 4-butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl also has potential application value. Due to its strong structural modifiability, it can design and synthesize compounds with specific biological activities by introducing different functional groups. It is expected to become a lead compound for the development of new drugs and provide a new opportunity to overcome difficult diseases.
In addition, 4-butyl-4' -iodobiphenyl also plays an important role in the preparation of fine chemical products. It can be used to synthesize special fragrances, dyes or additives to give products unique color, smell or properties, and meet the diverse needs of the market for high-end fine chemicals.
Overall, 4-butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl, with its unique structure and properties, plays an indispensable role in many fields such as organic synthesis, materials science, medicinal chemistry, and fine chemicals, and is of great significance to promoting technological progress and innovation in various fields.
What are the physical properties of 4-butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl?
4-Butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl is an organic compound, and its physical properties are particularly important, which is related to many chemical processes and practical applications. The properties of this compound, under normal conditions, may be white to light yellow crystalline powder, with pure and uniform color.
Its melting point is crucial in the identification and purity determination of organic compounds. The melting point of 4-butyl-4' -iodobiphenyl is about 65-69 ° C. The specific range of melting points can reflect the intermolecular forces and crystal structure characteristics. At this temperature range, molecules can break through the lattice binding and change from solid to liquid.
Boiling point is also an important physical property, revealing the energy required for the gasification of compounds. However, the data related to the boiling point of this substance are different in the literature or due to differences in determination conditions, roughly 370-380 ° C. The boiling point is affected by the molecular weight, the type and strength of intermolecular forces. The molecule has a large mass and complex structure, resulting in strong intermolecular forces and high boiling points.
The solubility of the compound is related to the dispersion ability of different solvents. 4-butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl has good solubility in common organic solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane, and toluene, and can form intermolecular forces with solvent molecules to achieve uniform dispersion. In solvents with strong polarity such as water, the solubility is poor. Because of its non-polar molecular structure, the intermolecular forces with water molecules are weak, and it is difficult to miscible with water.
In addition, its density is also one of the characteristics, about 1.3 - 1.4 g/cm ³. Density reflects the mass of matter per unit volume and is related to the degree of molecular packing. This value reflects the state of molecular packing and relative mass distribution of 4-butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl.
What are the chemical properties of 4-butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl?
4-Butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl is one of the organic compounds. It has specific chemical properties and is very important in the field of organic synthesis.
In this compound, butyl (butyl) and iodo atoms are respectively connected to specific positions of biphenyl (biphenyl). Butyl is an alkyl group, and the molecule is hydrophobic to a certain extent, which can affect its solubility and intermolecular forces. It has good solubility in organic solvents, such as common tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, etc., but it has poor solubility in water. Due to the hydrophobic nature of alkyl groups.
The introduction of iodine atoms makes the molecule have unique reactivity. Iodine atoms have large atomic radius and polarizability, and are easy to participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions. Under appropriate conditions, iodine atoms can be replaced by nucleophilic reagents to form new carbon-heteroatomic bonds or carbon-carbon bonds, which is a common strategy in constructing complex organic molecular structures. For example, coupling reactions can occur with metal-organic reagents, such as Suzuki coupling, Stille coupling, etc., to prepare biphenyl derivatives with longer carbon chains or specific functional groups, which are widely used in materials science and medicinal chemistry. The stability of
4-butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl is also worthy of attention. Although the biphenyl skeleton is relatively stable, the presence of iodine atoms makes the molecule decompose or transform under specific conditions. Under the action of high temperature, strong acid-base environment or specific catalyst, iodine atoms or molecules detach, triggering subsequent complex reactions. In addition, its photostability also needs to be considered. Under light, molecules may undergo photochemical reactions, resulting in structural and property changes.
In summary, 4-butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl has both hydrophobicity and unique reactivity due to its special chemical structure. It shows important application value in many fields such as organic synthesis, materials and drug development. However, its stability conditions also need to be carefully controlled to achieve the best use effect.
What are the synthesis methods of 4-butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl?
4-Butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl, or 4-butyl-4' -iodobiphenyl, is synthesized by many methods, which are described in detail by you below.
One of them is the Suzuki coupling reaction pathway. This pathway requires the preparation of 4-butylphenylboronic acid and 4-iodobromobenzene first. 4-butylphenylboronic acid can be obtained by reacting 4-butylbromobenzene with magnesium to make Grignard reagent, and then reacting with borate ester. 4-Iodobromobenzene can be obtained from the corresponding phenols through diazotization and iodization. After that, under the action of palladium catalyst such as tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0), 4-butylphenylboronic acid and 4-iodobromobenzene under basic conditions, such as potassium carbonate aqueous solution and organic solvent mixed system, at an appropriate temperature such as 80-100 ℃, undergo oxidation addition, metallization, reduction elimination and other steps to generate 4-butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl.
The second reaction can be Ullmann reaction. In the presence of copper powder and ligands, 4-iodobromobenzene is reacted with 4-butylbromobenzene in a high-boiling organic solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone, adding bases such as cesium carbonate, at a high temperature of 150-200 ° C. Copper powder catalyzes the coupling of two aryl halides, and forms a carbon-carbon bond through a complex intermediate process, and finally obtains the target product.
The third is through the Heck reaction. First, 4-iodobromobenzene is activated. 4-butylvinylbenzene can be prepared from 4-butylbenzene through a series of reactions. In palladium catalysts and ligand systems, such as palladium acetate and triphenylphosphine, in the presence of organic bases such as triethylamine, the two react in organic solvents at 80-120 ° C, and synthesize 4-butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl through addition, β-hydrogen elimination and other steps.
The above methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, Suzuki coupling reaction conditions are relatively mild and selective; Ullmann reaction Although the temperature is high, it has good applicability to some substrates; Heck reaction can build a specific structure, and it needs to be synthesized according to the actual situation, such as raw material availability, cost, product purity and other factors.
What is the price range of 4-butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl in the market?
The price of 4-butyl-4 '-iodobiphenyl in the market today has not been cut. For this compound, there are no raw materials for synthesis, and its cost depends on factors such as product quality, supply, and demand.
If its product quality is excellent and its quality is high, it will be a lot of money. However, the market is abundant in supply, and the demand is flat, its price may be flat, or there may be a slight decrease. On the contrary, if there is a shortage of supply and demand surges, it must be rushed up.
If it is difficult to produce, the required raw materials are rare, the cost must be high, and the sale price is also high. And different companies, because of their technology and cost control, sell prices are also different.
Generally speaking, in the market, it may cost between ten and one hundred yuan per gram. Then, based on the approximate deduction, the price of the product can only be cut by the supplier or the supplier.