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What is the chemical structure of 4-iodo-1,1 '-biphenyl?
4-Iodo-1,1 '-biphenyl is an organic compound. Its chemical structure contains two connected benzene rings. At the No. 4 position of one benzene ring, the carbon atom is connected to the other benzene ring, and an iodine atom is connected.
This compound is a biphenyl derivative. Biphenyl is composed of two benzene rings connected by a single bond. Because its structure contains a large conjugated system, it has certain stability and special physical and chemical properties. On this basis, 4-iodo-1,1' -biphenyl introduces iodine atoms at a specific position in the benzene ring. The iodine atoms have a large atomic radius and electronegativity, which have a significant impact on the properties of the compounds. From the perspective of electronic effect, the electron-absorbing induction effect of iodine atoms reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, which affects its electrophilic substitution reaction activity; from the perspective of spatial effect, its larger atomic radius affects the molecular spatial structure and intermolecular interaction.
Preparation of 4-iodo-1,1 '-biphenyl, often with biphenyl as the starting material, iodine atoms are introduced through halogenation reaction. Under suitable reaction conditions and catalysts, iodine can selectively replace hydrogen atoms at specific positions in the benzene ring to obtain the target product. The compound is widely used in the field of organic synthesis and can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of more complex organic molecules. Due to its active iodine atom, it can participate in a variety of reactions, such as coupling reactions, the construction of carbon-carbon bonds, and the synthesis of materials with special structures and functions. It is of great significance in the fields of medicinal chemistry and materials science.
What are the main uses of 4-iodo-1,1 '-biphenyl?
4-Iodo-1,1 '-biphenyl, Chinese name 4-iodiphenyl, is an organic compound, which has a wide range of uses in the field of organic synthesis. Its main uses are as follows:
First, as an intermediate in organic synthesis. In organic synthesis chemistry, this compound is a key intermediate, which can be used for a variety of chemical reactions, such as coupling reactions, to construct more complex organic molecular structures. Taking the Suzuki coupling reaction as an example, 4-iodiphenyl can react with boron-containing compounds under palladium catalysis to form carbon-carbon bonds to synthesize polybiphenyls. Such compounds are indispensable in the field of materials science, such as the preparation of organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) and liquid crystal materials. Due to the unique optoelectronic properties of polybiphenyls, which can optimize the luminous efficiency and stability of materials, 4-iodobiphenyl is of great significance in the research and development of new optoelectronic materials.
Second, it is used for pharmaceutical chemistry research. In the process of drug development, 4-iodobiphenyl can be used as a structural unit to introduce drug molecules. Its iodine atom has high activity and can participate in many reactions, which is conducive to drug molecule modification and optimization. In the design of some drug molecules with specific biological activities, the introduction of specific groups with the help of 4-iodobiphenyl can improve the pharmacological properties of drugs, such as improving the affinity of drugs to targets, enhancing the cell permeability of drugs, etc., and then improving the efficacy of drugs.
Third, in the field of materials science, in addition to OLED and liquid crystal materials, 4-iodobiphenyl can also participate in the synthesis of high-performance polymer materials. After polymerization with other monomers, its rigid biphenyl structure and iodine atomic properties are integrated into the main chain or side chain of the polymer, changing the physical and chemical properties of the polymer, such as improving the thermal stability, mechanical properties and solubility of the polymer, so that the polymer materials are more widely used in high-end fields such as aerospace and electronic devices.
In conclusion, 4-iodobiphenyl plays an important role in organic synthesis, drug development and materials science due to its own structure and reactivity, promoting sustainable development and innovation in these fields.
What are the synthesis methods of 4-iodo-1,1 '-biphenyl?
The synthesis method of 4-iodo-1,1 '-biphenyl (4-iodo-biphenyl) has been explored by many capable people throughout the ages. The main ones are selected and briefly described as follows.
First, biphenyl is used as the starting material and the target product can be obtained through halogenation reaction. Dissolve biphenyl in a suitable organic solvent, such as dichloromethane or carbon tetrachloride, and slowly add iodine-containing reagents, such as iodine elemental substance and a suitable oxidizing agent under the condition of low temperature and catalyst. Commonly used oxidizing agents include concentrated sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc. This process requires strict control of the reaction temperature and the amount of reagents to prevent the formation of polyhalogenated products. For example, under ice bath conditions, iodine and concentrated sulfuric acid are prepared into a mixed solution in a certain proportion, added dropwise to the dichloromethane solution of biphenyl, and the reaction number is stirred. After post-treatment, such as extraction, washing, drying, column chromatographic separation, etc., pure 4-iodobiphenyl can be obtained.
Second, the cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by palladium can also be achieved. First, halogenated benzene (such as 4-bromophenylboronic acid) and iodoaromatic hydrocarbons are heated in an organic solvent (such as toluene, N, N-dimethylformamide) under the combined action of a palladium catalyst (such as tetra (triphenylphosphine) palladium), a base (such as potassium carbonate) and a suitable ligand (such as tri-tert-butyl phosphine). This reaction condition is mild and highly selective, which can effectively construct the biphenyl structure. Taking 4-bromophenylboronic acid and iodobenzene as an example, under nitrogen protection, each reactant is added to the reaction system in proportion, and the reaction is refluxed at a certain temperature for several hours. After the reaction is completed, the product can be obtained after a similar treatment process.
Third, metal-organic reagents can also be used to participate in the reaction. For example, the biphenyl is made into a corresponding metal-organic intermediate, such as a lithium reagent or a magnesium reagent, and then reacted with an iodine source. Specifically, the biphenyl is first reacted with butyl lithium in a low temperature and anhydrous environment to generate a lithium biphenyl reagent, followed by the addition of iodine elemental or other suitable iodine substitution reagents to undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction. After appropriate treatment, 4-iodo-1,1 '-biphenyl is finally obtained.
What are the physical properties of 4-iodo-1,1 '-biphenyl?
4-Iodo-1,1 '-biphenyl is one of the organic compounds. Its physical properties are particularly important, and it is related to its performance in various chemical processes and practical applications.
First of all, its appearance is usually white to light yellow crystalline powder. When storing and using this form, care should be taken to avoid moisture and contamination with impurities, which may affect the results of subsequent chemical reactions.
As for the melting point, it is about 78-82 ° C. The characteristics of the melting point are the key indicators for identifying this substance and determining its purity. If the melting point deviates from this range, or implies that it is mixed with impurities, further purification is required. The boiling point of
is also an important physical property, but its exact value varies depending on the measurement conditions. Roughly speaking, the boiling point reflects the temperature at which the substance changes from liquid to gaseous state under a specific pressure. The boiling point is related to the intermolecular forces. The molecular structure of 4-iodo-1,1 '-biphenyl causes its boiling point to have a specific value, which is crucial in separation and purification operations such as distillation.
Furthermore, its solubility cannot be ignored. This substance is insoluble in water, because its molecules are non-polar, and water is a polar solvent. According to the principle of "similar miscibility", the two are difficult to dissolve. However, it can be dissolved in organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and ether. This solubility property is particularly important when selecting a suitable solvent in organic synthesis to promote the smooth progress of the reaction.
In addition, the density of 4-iodo-1,1 '-biphenyl also has its specific value. Although it is often slightly different due to the measurement environment, the determination of the density can assist in the determination of its purity and material properties, which is indispensable in chemical production and quality control.
The physical properties of 4-iodo-1,1' -biphenyl play a pivotal role in many fields such as chemical research, organic synthesis and industrial production. Only when its characteristics are well understood can it be used effectively.
What are the precautions for 4-iodo-1,1 '-biphenyl during storage and transportation?
4-Iodo-1,1 '-biphenyl is an organic compound. During storage and transportation, many matters need to be paid attention to.
When storing, the first environment is dry. This compound may react chemically in contact with water or moisture, causing quality damage. Therefore, a dry place should be selected, such as in a sealed container with desiccant, to maintain its stability.
Temperature is also critical. It should be stored in a cool place to avoid high temperature. High temperature will increase its reactivity, or cause decomposition, polymerization and other reactions, affecting purity and structure. Generally speaking, room temperature or slightly lower temperature is appropriate, and the specific value depends on the characteristics of the compound.
Furthermore, it is important to avoid light. Light or promote its photochemical reaction, resulting in structural changes. Therefore, it should be stored in dark containers such as brown bottles, or placed in a dark place.
When transporting, the packaging must be stable. Because the compound may have certain hazards, the packaging is not good, and it may cause leakage during transportation, endangering safety. Strong, leak-proof packaging materials are required, and buffer materials are ensured inside the package to prevent collision damage.
In addition, shipping documents must be complete and accurate. Documents should contain information such as the name, nature, and hazard characteristics of the compound in detail, so that transporters and regulators can know and take appropriate safety measures. Transporters should also be professionally trained to be familiar with the characteristics of the compound and emergency treatment methods. In case of emergencies, they can properly respond and minimize harm.
