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What is the chemical structure of n-diphenyl-benzenamine?
The chemical structure of 4-iodo-N, N-diphenyl-benzenamine is quite elegant. The name of this compound is derived from its constituent parts. "4-iodo" means that at the fourth position of the benzene ring, there is an iodine atom attached. The iodine atom, an atom of a halogen element, is active in nature and has a significant impact on the reactivity and physical properties of the compound.
"N, N-diphenyl", there are two phenyl groups attached to the phenyl atom (N). Phenyl is the remaining group after removing a hydrogen atom from the benzene ring, which is aromatic and adds unique chemical and physical properties to the compound. The conjugated system of the benzene ring endows the compound with stability and a special electron cloud distribution.
"benzenamine" is the English name for aniline, which is the basic framework of the compound. In the aniline molecule, the solitary pair electron of the nitrogen atom is conjugated with the benzene ring, which affects the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, and then affects the reaction check point and activity of the compound.
Overall, the chemical structure of 4-iodo-N, N-diphenyl-benzenamine, with aniline as the parent body, iodine atom is introduced at the fourth position of the benzene ring, and two phenyl groups are attached to the nitrogen atom. With this structure, it has the reactivity of iodine atom, the aromaticity of phenyl group and the conjugate characteristics of aniline, and may exhibit unique chemical behavior and application potential in the fields of organic synthesis and materials science.
What are the main uses of 4-iodo-n, n-diphenyl-benzenamine?
4-Iodo-N, N-diphenyl-benzenamine is 4-iodo-N, N-diphenylaniline, which has a wide range of uses.
First, it is often used as a key intermediate in the field of organic synthesis. Due to its unique structure, the presence of iodine atoms and diphenylamino groups on the benzene ring endows it with active reactivity. Chemists can use 4-iodine-N, N-diphenylaniline as the starting material through halogenation reactions, coupling reactions, etc., to replace iodine atoms with other functional groups, or connect with other organic molecules to construct more complex organic compounds, such as the preparation of functional materials with specific optoelectronic properties.
Second, in the field of materials science, it plays an important role. Due to the conjugate system of its molecular structure, the compound exhibits unique electrical and optical properties. It can be used to prepare organic semiconductor materials for devices such as organic field effect transistors and organic Emitting Diodes. Its conjugate structure is conducive to charge transfer and light absorption and emission, which helps to improve device performance.
Third, in the field of medicinal chemistry, it may have potential value. Although it has not been widely reported as a direct drug use, the benzene ring and amino group part in its structure may provide a structural template for drug research and development. Through structural modification and modification, bioactive compounds may be obtained for disease treatment and drug screening.
Fourth, in the field of dye chemistry, it can absorb specific wavelengths of light due to its conjugated structure and show color, or can be used to synthesize new dyes. After structural optimization, its absorption spectrum is adjusted to meet different dyeing needs, and it plays a role in textile, printing and other industries.
What are the physical properties of n-diphenyl-benzenamine?
4-Iodo-N, N-diphenyl-benzenamine is 4-iodo-N, N-diphenylaniline. The physical properties of this substance are quite important and are used in many chemical fields.
Its appearance is mostly white to light yellow powder. The performance of this color state is the visual presentation of its physical properties, which is convenient for preliminary identification. In terms of melting point, it is usually in a certain temperature range, about 110-114 ° C. The characteristics of melting point are of great significance for the purification, identification and phase change of substances under specific temperature conditions.
Solubility is also one of the important physical properties. 4-Iodine-N, N-diphenylaniline is insoluble in water because its molecular structure includes a large proportion of hydrophobic groups such as benzene ring, which makes it difficult to form effective interactions with water molecules. However, it is soluble in common organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), etc. In dichloromethane, with its good solubility, it is often used as a solvent in the construction of reaction systems in organic synthesis, product separation and purification processes, providing a medium environment for the smooth progress of the reaction.
From the perspective of density, although the specific value often varies slightly due to the measurement conditions, it is roughly within a certain range. This density characteristic is indispensable in the study of mixed systems, related to material distribution, phase separation, etc.
In addition, the stability of 4-iodine-N, N-diphenylaniline is also a key consideration for physical properties. It can exist relatively stably in a normal temperature and pressure, protected from light and dry environment. However, when exposed to high temperature, strong oxidizing agent or specific lighting conditions, chemical changes may occur and the stability may be affected. This stability information is extremely critical for the setting of material storage and transportation conditions to ensure its quality and performance.
What are the synthesis methods of 4-iodo-n, n-diphenyl-benzenamine
4-Iodo-N, N-diphenyl-benzenamine, Chinese name 4-iodo-N, N-diphenylaniline, there are many ways to synthesize this compound, the following are common:
Ullmann Reaction
Ullmann Reaction is a classic method for synthesizing aromatic amines. In the process of synthesizing 4-iodo-N, N-diphenylaniline, 4-iodo-aniline and bromobenzene are used as raw materials. First, an appropriate amount of copper powder is added to the reaction vessel as a catalyst, with basic substances such as potassium carbonate. In the reaction, copper powder can form an active intermediate with the reactants to promote the reaction of the two. The function of the base is to neutralize the hydrogen halide generated by the reaction and promote the positive progress of the reaction. The reaction is usually carried out at a higher temperature (about 150-200 ° C) and in an organic solvent (such as N, N-dimethylformamide, DMF). Due to the harsh reaction conditions, copper powder is prone to agglomeration at high temperatures, reducing catalytic activity, so the reaction equipment and operation requirements are quite high.
Palladium-Catalyzed Amination
This is a commonly used method in modern organic synthesis, known for its high efficiency and good selectivity. 4-Iodoaniline and bromobenzene are selected as starting materials, palladium complexes (such as tetra (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0), Pd (PPh)) are used as catalysts, and appropriate ligands (such as tri-tert-butyl phosphine, P (t-Bu)) are added to enhance the activity and selectivity of palladium catalysts. Bases (such as potassium tert-butyl alcohol, t-BuOK) are also indispensable to promote the reaction. This reaction is generally carried out in toluene and other organic solvents under relatively mild conditions (80-120 ° C). Compared with the Ullman reaction, the palladium-catalyzed amination reaction has mild conditions, higher yields, and good selectivity, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of side reactions. However, palladium catalysts are expensive and expensive, and require strict post-treatment and catalyst recovery.
Buchwald-Hartwig reaction
This reaction belongs to the category of palladium-catalyzed amination and is also an effective means for synthesizing aromatic amines. The raw materials are still 4-iodoaniline and bromobenzene, and palladium catalysts and suitable ligands are used. The ligands used in this reaction have a significant impact on the reactivity and selectivity. Common ligands include biarylphosphine ligands. The reaction is carried out in an organic solvent (such as dioxane) in the presence of a base. The Buchwald-Hartwig reaction has mild conditions and wide adaptability to substrates. It can prepare a variety of complex aromatic amines. However, the reaction requires careful screening of ligands and optimization of reaction conditions to achieve the best reaction effect.
4-Iodo-n, n-diphenyl-benzenamine what are the precautions during use
4-Iodine-N, N-diphenylaniline is an important chemical in organic synthesis. During use, many precautions should not be taken lightly.
First, safety protection is of paramount importance. This substance may be toxic and irritating, and protective equipment must be worn when exposed. For example, during experiments, protective glasses can effectively protect the eyes and prevent them from accidentally splashing into the eyes and causing eye damage; masks can prevent inhalation of dust or volatile gaseous substances, so as to avoid respiratory irritation or poisoning; gloves can protect the skin of the hands and prevent direct contact from causing skin allergies and other conditions.
Second, storage conditions should not be ignored. Store in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, away from fire sources and oxidants. Because of its certain chemical activity, improper storage or deterioration, affect the use effect, or even cause danger. For example, if it is mixed with oxidants, violent chemical reactions may occur, which may cause fire or explosion.
Third, the use of operation should be cautious. When weighing, the accuracy must be guaranteed, and the equipment used should be clean and dry. When dissolving, the solvent selection should be appropriate, and its solubility should be fully considered. Like some organic solvents, although they have good solubility, they may be flammable and volatile. When operating, pay attention to ventilation and keep away from open flames to prevent accidents.
Fourth, the treatment after the experiment should also be paid attention to. Residue and waste cannot be discarded at will, and should be properly disposed of in accordance with relevant regulations. The waste liquid or residue containing this substance should be collected by classification and handed over to professional institutions for treatment to avoid polluting the environment.
In short, the use of 4-iodine-N, N-diphenylaniline, all aspects of the operation must be strictly in accordance with the regulations, and the safety awareness should always be kept in mind, so as to ensure the safety of the use process and the smooth progress of the experiment or production.