What are the chemical properties of 4-iododiphenyl?

4-Iododiphenyl, Chinese name or 4-iodobiphenyl. The chemical properties of this substance are unique. It has aromatic characteristics, benzene ring stability, relatively stable chemical properties, and is not easy to react quickly with common reagents.

However, due to the introduction of iodine atoms, it has something special. Iodine atoms have large atomic radius and electronegativity, which has an impact on the distribution of molecular electron clouds. First, they can participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions. Iodine atoms can be used as leaving groups. If they encounter nucleophilic reagents, such as sodium alcohols and amines, iodine atoms can be replaced by nucleophilic reagents to generate new organic compounds. This is an important way to construct complex organic molecular structures. Second, the presence of iodine atoms changes the polarizability of molecules and affects their physical properties, such as melting point, boiling point, solubility, etc. Its solubility in organic solvents or varies due to the introduction of iodine atoms.

In addition, in the 4-iododiphenyl molecule, the benzene ring can undergo electrophilic substitution reaction. Although the benzene ring is stable, in case of strong electrophilic reagents, such as halogenating agents, nitrifying agents, etc. under the action of appropriate catalysts, substitution reactions can occur at specific positions of the benzene ring. Because the iodine atom is an ortho-para-site, the electrophilic reagent or mainly attacks the ortho or para-site of the iodine atom, resulting in the generation of derivatives with different substitu Overall, 4-iododiphenyl is rich in chemical properties and has potential application value in organic synthesis, materials science and other fields. It can be used as a synthetic intermediate to obtain more organic compounds with special functions and structures through various reactions.

What are the common uses of 4-iododiphenyl?

4-Iododiphenyl (4-iododiphenyl) is an organic compound, and there are common ways to prepare and apply it. The preparation method is often achieved by metal-catalyzed coupling reaction.

One of them is the Ullmann reaction. In the past, chemists wanted to obtain 4-iododiphenyl, which could make iodobenzene self-coupling reaction in a high-temperature, high-boiling solvent catalyzed by copper powder. This reaction conditions are strict, high temperature (about 200 ° C) is required, and the reaction time is long, and the yield is not ideal. However, when organic synthesis methods were limited at that time, it was an important method. For example, iododiphenyl and copper powder are placed in a sealed tube, heated and refluxed in a high-boiling solvent such as quinoline for a long time, and after a complex intermediate process, 4-iododiphenyl is finally obtained.

The second is a palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction, such as the Stille reaction and the Suzuki reaction. Taking the Schmidt reaction as an example, the organotin reagent is reacted with 4-iodohalobenzene under the action of palladium catalyst. The organotin reagent has high activity. Under mild conditions, with 4-iodohalobenzene, under palladium catalysis, through oxidative addition, transfer insertion, reduction elimination and other steps, 4-iododiphenyl is efficiently generated. The Suzuki reaction uses boric acid or borate esters instead of organotin reagents. This reaction condition is milder and environmentally friendly, and it is now more widely used.

As for the use of 4-iododiphenyl, in the field of materials science, it is often used as the precursor of organic semiconductor materials. Because of its molecular structure conjugation, it is conducive to electron transport. After chemical modification, an organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) material with excellent performance can be prepared for display technology. And because iodine atoms can participate in further chemical reactions, they can construct more complex organic functional materials, which are used in the field of sensors to identify specific substances or physical quantity changes.

What are the synthesis methods of 4-iododiphenyl?

4-Iododiphenyl, or 4-iodobiphenyl, is synthesized by the following methods.

One is the Ullmann reaction. Iododiphenyl and bromobenzene are used as starting materials, and copper powder and alkali, such as potassium carbonate, are added. At high temperature, iododiphenyl and bromobenzene are coupled under the catalysis of copper powder. This reaction condition is harsh, high temperature is required, and the activity of copper powder has a great influence on the reaction. However, its advantage is that the raw materials are relatively easy to obtain and the reaction route is relatively direct.

The second is the Suzuki reaction. 4-Iodophenylboronic acid and bromobenzene are used as reactants to react in an alkaline environment under the action of palladium catalysts such as tetra (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0). Cesium carbonate is commonly used in alkalis. This reaction condition is relatively mild, with good selectivity and high yield. However, palladium catalysts are expensive and costly.

The third can be obtained by the Grignard reagent method. Grignard reagents are first prepared from 4-iodobromobenzene, such as reacting with magnesium in anhydrous ethyl ether to generate 4-iodophenylmagnesium bromide. Then react with bromobenzene and couple with a suitable catalyst to obtain 4-iodobiphenyl. The method requires an anhydrous and anaerobic environment, and the operation requirements are strict, but the selectivity of raw materials is relatively low.

The above methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In actual synthesis, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the availability of raw materials, cost, reaction conditions and other factors, and choose the suitable one.

What is the price range of 4-iododiphenyl in the market?

4-Iododiphenyl, that is, 4-iodiphenyl, is difficult to determine the price range of this product in the market. The price often changes due to many reasons, such as the method of preparation, the source of materials, the supply and demand of the city, and even the difference in luck.

If it is in an ordinary state, if it is easy to prepare, if the materials are abundant, and if there are few seekers in the market, the price may tend to be low. However, if the preparation technique is complicated, the materials are rare, and there are many seekers, the price will be expensive.

In the past, it was occasionally seen in the city, and the price was between a few dollars and tens of dollars per gram. However, this is only a temporary phenomenon, and it cannot be relied on often. In recent times, the chemical industries of the world have changed rapidly, and the price of materials has risen and fallen from time to time. The price is 4-iododiphenyl, and it is also uncertain.

There are merchants who use the method of refining, and their quality is pure, and the price is high; there are also those who use the ordinary method, and the quality is slightly inferior, and the price is slightly lower. And in the north and south regions, in the east and west, the price may also vary, depending on the distance of the transportation and the weight of the tax. Therefore, if you want to know the exact price, you must visit the cities in person and consult the merchants before you can get it.

What are the storage conditions for 4-iododiphenyl?

4-Iododiphenyl is an organic compound. Its storage is related to the nature and safety of this substance.

4-Iododiphenyl is sensitive to light and heat, and is in the air, or there is a risk of deterioration. Therefore, its storage should first choose a cool and dry place. Cover the shade to avoid heat, and dry to prevent moisture. Both are essential to ensure its quality.

Also, 4-Iododiphenyl should be kept away from fire sources and oxidants. With its flammability, if it encounters fire, disaster can be immediate; and oxidants can also promote its change, creating unexpected risks.

Furthermore, the storage device should not be ignored. It should be kept in an airtight container to prevent the invasion of air and moisture. And the material of the device must not be mixed with it, so as not to damage its quality.

The storage place should also have a clear mark, remember its name, sex, and risk, so that the user can know the details, so as to prevent accidental danger.

It is also advisable to check it regularly, observe its condition, and observe whether it has changed. If you see differences in color, taste, and state, quickly investigate the cause and keep its quality stable.

All these things are essential for 4-iododiphenyl storage. Only by observing these principles can you keep it safe and preserve it for future use without fear.