4 Iodopicolinic Acid

4-Hydroxybutyric acid, also known as gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, its main uses are quite complex.
In the medical field, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid was originally used as an anesthetic. Because it has a certain sedative and muscle relaxation effect, it can assist in the development of surgical procedures, help patients to maintain peace and moderate muscle relaxation during the operation, and facilitate the operation of doctors. In addition, in some specific cases, it has also been tried to treat sleep disorders such as narcolepsy. Theoretically, it is expected to improve the sleep rhythm and arousal state of patients by regulating the functions of the nervous system.
However, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid has attracted more attention because of its abuse harm. In the illegal drug market, it is used as a new drug. Because of its hallucinogenic, calming and other effects, it is often used by criminals in gatherings to induce others to take it, and then commit illegal and criminal acts, such as rape. Its addiction is strong, and long-term abuse will not only cause serious damage to the user's own nervous system, resulting in memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, mental disorders, etc., but also may cause respiratory depression, and even life-threatening in severe cases. In view of its serious risk of abuse, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid is clearly listed as a class of psychotropic drugs in our country for strict control, and illegal production, trade, transportation and use are strictly prohibited.

4-Hydroxybutyric acid, or gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), is a psychotropic substance under strict control. The act of synthesizing it without permission is seriously illegal, so it cannot be provided with a synthesis method. The following is only an introduction to academic knowledge, and must not be used for illegal purposes.
Although 4-hydroxybutyric acid is not specifically recorded in past books, in the field of chemical synthesis, in principle, there are the following possible ways:
First, gamma-butyrolactone is used as the starting material, and the hydrolysis reaction occurs under the action of basic substances such as sodium hydroxide. When gamma-butyrolactone encounters a base, the lactone ring is opened, and it is hydrolyzed and converted into 4-hydroxybutyrate. After subsequent acidification treatment, 4-hydroxybutyric acid can be obtained. This reaction requires precise control of reaction conditions, such as temperature, alkali concentration, reaction time, etc., in order to obtain a higher yield.
Second, with 1,4-butanediol as raw material, 1,4-butanediol is first partially oxidized with the help of a suitable oxidant, such as manganese dioxide, etc., and selectively oxidizes one of the hydroxyl groups to an aldehyde group to form 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde, and then further oxidizes 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde, and finally produces 4-hydroxybutyric acid. The key to this process lies in the selection of oxidants and the control of the degree of oxidation reaction to prevent excessive oxidation or insufficient oxidation, resulting in impure target products or low yields.
However, it should be emphasized that 4-hydroxybutyric acid is listed as a controlled drug in our country and many countries and regions around the world. Because of its addictive nature, abuse can cause great damage to human health, including confusion, respiratory depression, and even life-threatening. Private synthesis, trafficking, and use are all serious crimes and will face severe legal sanctions. Therefore, such synthetic operations must not be attempted, and laws and regulations must be strictly abided to jointly safeguard social security and public health.

4-Boronic acid benzoic acid, its physical properties are very specific. This compound is often white to light crystalline powder, and it is difficult to melt.

and melting, in the range of 275-280 ℃. Such a high melting phase indicates that the molecular force is not fixed. Under normal conditions, the substance is solid, which is due to its dense and ordered molecular arrangement, with a certain lattice.
In terms of solubility, 4-boronic acid benzoic acid has limited solubility in water, but in some solvents, such as dimethyl sulfate (DMSO), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), etc., there is a certain solubility. This property is due to the fact that the molecule contains not only a boric acid group with certain water-based properties, but also a benzene group and a carboxyl group with hydrophobicity. Therefore, it shows different solubility properties in different solubility properties.
In addition, 4-boronic benzoic acid has certain absorbency. Because the boric acid group is easy to form water molecules, in the tidal environment, it may absorb a certain amount of water, causing its weight to increase, and it may have a certain impact on its physical shape. For example, the powder may have a polymerization image.
Therefore, the physical properties of 4-boronic benzoic acid are controlled by its molecules, and they exhibit specific properties under different environmental conditions. In chemical research and related engineering, it is necessary to fully consider its general physical properties before it can be used carefully.

Those who ask today want to know the price range of acetic acid in the market. The price of acetic acid in the city often changes for various reasons, and it is difficult to determine a certain number.
Looking at the market in Fu City, the price of acetic acid often varies according to the quality, origin, and supply and demand. If the quality is excellent, it comes from a place of famous products, and the demand in the city is strong, the price may be high; if the quality is average, the origin is numerous and the supply is excessive, the price may be low.
Generally speaking, in the city of Chang Shi, the price of acetic acid, the price per unit quantity, is about between [X] and [X]. However, this is not a fixed number. In case of changes in the weather, such as disasters affecting the property; or personnel reasons, such as changes in trade policies and the cooperation of manufacturers, the price can change significantly.
The price of the market also varies depending on the amount. If you block trade or have room for bargaining, the price may be lower than that of retail. And different trading platforms and seasons have different prices.
To know the real-time accurate price, when you visit merchants in various cities, consult people in the industry, or watch the platform of trade information, you can get the current real price range.

First, you must choose a dry place. If it is in a humid place, the acid is easy to contact with water vapor, causing its qualitative change. Gu Yun: "Drying can protect things, but wet can rot them." Four acids are active and prone to chemical reactions in case of moisture, which destroys their original properties. Therefore, the storage place must be kept dry and free from water stains.
Second, heat avoidance is the key. Heat can intensify the molecular movement of acids, causing them to evaporate or cause other chemical changes. When placed in a cool place, do not approach fire or heat sources. Those who used to store acid in urns in the past, due to the proximity of the stove, the acid gas will be greatly reduced and the efficiency will be lost soon, which is the damage of heat.
Third, sealing is also indispensable. Four acids are easy to react with various components in the air, such as oxygen. Storing them in a secret container can prevent the intrusion of external gases and maintain their purity and properties. In the past, people used pottery altars to seal their mouths with wax, which is the reason, so that the acid is isolated from the outside world and will not be damaged for a long time.
Fourth, keep away from metals. Four acids are mostly corrosive and easily react when exposed to metals, causing impure acid and damaging the container. If it is stored in metal utensils, the acid leakage will break soon, so it should be stored in ceramics, glass and other corrosion-resistant utensils, so it can be worry-free.
Fifth, classified storage is necessary. Different acids have different properties. If they are mixed, or react violently, it will endanger safety. If strong oxidizing acids come into contact with reducing substances, there is a risk of explosion. Therefore, all kinds of acids must be separated according to their characteristics and placed in their own place.