4 Iodopyridine
Iodobenzene

4-Iodopyridine

Fengxi Chemical

    Specifications

    HS Code

    900159

    Name 4 - Iodopyridine
    Molecular Formula C5H4IN
    Molecular Weight 205.00
    Appearance Yellow - brown solid
    Melting Point 58 - 61 °C
    Boiling Point 227 - 228 °C
    Density 1.94 g/cm³
    Solubility Soluble in organic solvents like ethanol, dichloromethane
    Pka 2.89
    Flash Point 113 °C
    Cas Number 626 - 05 - 1
    Name 4 - Iodopyridine
    Molecular Formula C5H4IN
    Molecular Weight 205.00
    Appearance White to off - white solid
    Cas Number 626-64-2
    Melting Point 61 - 64 °C
    Boiling Point 207 - 208 °C
    Density 1.986 g/cm³
    Solubility In Water Slightly soluble
    Solubility In Organic Solvents Soluble in common organic solvents like ethanol, dichloromethane
    Flash Point 89.2 °C
    Pka 2.81

    As an accredited 4-Iodopyridine factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing 100g of 4 - iodopyridine packaged in a sealed, chemical - resistant container.
    Storage 4 - Iodopyridine should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from heat and direct sunlight. Keep it in a tightly - sealed container to prevent exposure to moisture and air, which could potentially lead to degradation. Store it separately from incompatible substances, such as strong oxidizing agents. Follow proper labeling and safety protocols to ensure easy identification and safe handling.
    Shipping 4 - iodopyridine is shipped in well - sealed, corrosion - resistant containers. It adheres to strict chemical shipping regulations, ensuring secure transit to prevent leakage and maintain its integrity during transportation.
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    4-Iodopyridine
    General Information
    Historical Development
    4-Iodopyridine is an organic compound, and its historical development is quite unique. In the past, chemists studied the method of organic synthesis, hoping to create novel and practical substances. At that time, many scholars focused on the exploration of pyridine derivatives.
    In the initial stage, the synthesis of 4-Iodopyridine was difficult, the raw materials were scarce, and the skills were not perfect. However, many wise men worked tirelessly, and after repeated experiments, they finally found the way to synthesis. Over time, the synthesis process became more and more mature, the raw materials were easier to obtain, and the technology was more exquisite.
    This compound has gradually played an important role in the fields of medicine, materials, etc. Its historical development has witnessed the continuous progress of the chemical field. From the initial difficult exploration to the stable synthesis and wide application today, it is the fruit of chemical research.
    Product Overview
    4-Iodopyridine Product Overview
    4-Iodopyridine is a crucial compound in the field of organic synthesis. Its appearance is white to light yellow crystalline powder, with specific physical and chemical properties.
    In terms of structure, this compound takes a pyridine ring as the core structure, and the iodine atom is cleverly connected to the fourth position of the pyridine ring. This unique structure endows it with many characteristics. In terms of physical properties, its melting point and boiling point are clearly defined, and it has different solubility in specific solvents.
    In terms of chemical properties, 4-Iodopyridine exhibits active reactivity. The presence of iodine atoms makes the compound easy to participate in various nucleophilic substitution reactions, expanding the broad space for organic synthesis paths. It is often used as a key intermediate to build more complex organic molecular structures. Whether it is in the field of medicinal chemistry, helping to develop new drugs; or in the field of materials science, providing support for the preparation of special performance materials, 4-Iodopyridine plays a pivotal role. Its value in the field of organic synthesis is constantly becoming apparent as research progresses.
    Physical & Chemical Properties
    4-Iodopyridine is also an organic compound. Its physical and chemical properties are particularly important. Looking at its shape, under normal conditions, it is either a crystalline body, with a color or nearly colorless, showing a pure state. In terms of its melting point, it is in a certain temperature range, which is the key characteristic for identification. The boiling point also has a certain value, which is related to its physical state transition at different temperatures.
    In terms of chemical properties, the presence of iodine atoms in 4-Iodopyridine gives it a unique reactivity. Iodine atoms can participate in a variety of substitution reactions, interact with many nucleophiles, and derive a variety of organic products. Because of its structural properties, it is often a key intermediate in the field of organic synthesis, assisting in the synthesis of complex and special functional organic molecules.
    Technical Specifications & Labeling
    4 - Iodopyridine is also a chemical product. Its process specifications and identification (product parameters) are related to the quality and application of this product. Looking at its process specifications, the purity of the raw material, the accuracy of the ratio, and the rule of the reaction are all key. If the raw material is not pure, the product is miscellaneous; if the ratio is improper, or the yield is low; if the temperature, pressure, and time of the reaction are uncomfortable, it will also affect the quality.
    As for the label, state its name 4 - Iodopyridine, mark its molecular formula and molecular weight, so that its chemical composition is known. Indicate its purity, such as the geometry of the content and the number of impurities. And the words of the book warn, because it may be toxic, corrosive, etc. In this way, 4-Iodopyridine can be applied to various fields of chemistry and used for scientific research and production by means of process specifications and clear identification.
    Preparation Method
    4-Iodopyridine is 4-iodopyridine. The method of preparing 4-iodopyridine is crucial to the raw material and production process, reaction steps and catalytic mechanism.
    First take pyridine as raw material, which is active and can be used as a reaction base. In an appropriate reactor, add pyridine and an appropriate amount of iodine elemental substance, and use a specific metal salt as a catalyst, such as cuprous iodide. This catalyst can promote the reaction to proceed efficiently, change the reaction path, and reduce the activation energy.
    At the beginning of the reaction step, heat up to a specific temperature to make the reactants interact. The nitrogen atom of pyridine and the iodine elemental substance undergo a series of electron transfer to gradually form new bonds. During the process, the temperature and reaction time are strictly controlled to prevent side reactions from occurring.
    After the reaction is completed, the product is separated and purified by distillation and extraction. By distillation, 4-iodopyridine and unreacted raw materials and by-products are divided according to the difference in boiling point. Extraction selects a suitable solvent and extracts the target product to achieve high purity 4-iodopyridine. In this way, 4-iodopyridine products can be obtained.
    Chemical Reactions & Modifications
    Today there is a chemical substance, named 4 - Iodopyridine. We have studied many chemical reactions and modifications.
    This compound has a very specific reaction property. When combined with various reagents, different changes often occur. Or in a certain type of reaction, its iodine atom is very active and can be easily replaced with other groups to form a new structure. The process of this replacement is determined by the temperature of the reaction, the nature of the solvent and the presence or absence of a catalyst.
    There are also ways to modify this substance. By introducing other groups, the properties of 4 - Iodopyridine can be changed. If a hydrocarbon group is added, its fat solubility may be increased; if a polar group is added, its water solubility may be changed.
    Our chemical researchers often study the reaction and modification of this substance, hoping to clarify its mechanism, adding to the progress of chemistry and the novelty of materials, in order to explore the unknown.
    Synonyms & Product Names
    4-Iodopyridine is also a thing of transformation. Its name is also similar. This product has a value in the field of chemical research.
    Those who transform, explore the nature and transformation of things, in order to seek their secrets. 4-Iodopyridine is used in the process of transformation, or the angle is important. Its nature is special, it can create many kinds of reactions, or help to generate new things.
    The name of its commodity is also due to its home and purpose. However, when studying its origin, it is all 4-Iodopyridine. Chemical researchers must investigate the name of its same commodity, so that they can understand its nature and make good use of research, or seeking new methods, or methods, in order to promote the progress of transformation and benefit the world.
    Safety & Operational Standards
    4 - Safety and Operation Specifications of Iodopyridine
    Fu 4 - Iodopyridine is a substance commonly used in chemical research. During its experimental operation and use, safety and norms are of paramount importance and cannot be ignored.
    Its physical properties are unique, with specific forms and chemical activities. Therefore, when storing, choose a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. Keep away from fire and heat sources to prevent accidents. The storage container must also be tightly sealed to prevent it from reacting with air, moisture, etc., causing its quality to change.
    When operating, the experimenter should prepare protective gear. Wear protective clothing, protective gloves, and goggles to ensure their own safety. Operate in a fume hood to discharge harmful gases in time without endangering the health of the experimenter.
    When taking 4-Iodopyridine, the action should be slow and steady, and the amount should be taken accurately according to the experimental requirements. Do not take it too much to avoid waste and prevent excess substances from causing environmental pollution. If it is accidentally spilled, take proper measures to clean it up immediately. If a small amount is spilled, it can be wiped with a clean cloth and placed in a designated waste container; if a large amount is spilled, it needs to be handled by professional methods to avoid its diffusion.
    After the experiment is completed, the remaining 4-Iodopyridine should not be discarded at will and should be properly recycled according to regulations. The utensils used should also be cleaned in time to remove residual substances for next use.
    In conclusion, safety and operating standards are followed throughout the entire life cycle of 4-Iodopyridine. Experimenters must strictly abide by the rules and not slack off to ensure the smooth operation of the experiment and the safety of themselves and the environment.
    Application Area
    4-Iodopyridine is also an organic compound. Its application field is quite wide. In the field of medicinal chemistry, it can be used as a key intermediate to help synthesize a variety of specific drugs. Through delicate chemical reactions, its structure can be ingeniously fused into drug molecules to increase the activity and specificity of drugs and bring good news to patients.
    In the field of materials science, it has also made a name for itself. It can be used through specific processes to participate in the construction of materials and improve the properties of materials. For example, to enhance the stability, conductivity or optical properties of materials, it contributes to the development of new materials.
    Furthermore, in organic synthetic chemistry, it is often an indispensable reagent. Chemists use their unique chemical properties to construct complex organic molecular structures, expand the boundaries of organic synthesis, and promote the vigorous development of organic chemistry. This is also a manifestation of the important application of 4-Iodopyridine.
    Research & Development
    To taste the way of chemical industry, the most important thing is to explore new things to open up the unknown. The thing studied by today is called 4-Iodopyridine. It is very important in our scientific research.
    We have studied its properties with great effort. Observe its structure and observe the change of its reaction. After months of exploration, I have a little experience in the method of synthesis. With specific raw materials and delicate steps, it can be controlled and the quality is gradually improved.
    As for its application, it also has a broad view. In the field of medicine, it is expected to be the foundation of new methods to help treat various diseases; in the study of materials, it may be able to add new energy and open up new horizons.
    We should persevere and cultivate deeply, using 4-Iodopyridine as a guide to promote the progress of scientific research, and have achieved success in both academic and practical ends, contributing to the prosperity of the chemical industry.
    Toxicity Research
    Today there is a substance named 4 - Iodopyridine. I am a chemist to explore its toxicity. The study of toxicity is related to the lives of all living beings, and it is necessary to be careful.
    Preliminary observation of its structure, iodine atoms are connected to the pyridine ring. The pyridine ring has a certain activity, and the existence of iodine may change its physicochemical properties.
    Seek it experimentally to observe its effect on biological cells. Add this substance to cultured cells, and observe it over time. It shows that there are abnormal changes in cell morphology and growth is also inhibited.
    It is also tested in animals. Appropriate administration is used to observe its physiological signs. See the test animals with sluggish movement and poor diet.
    Therefore, 4-Iodopyridine is toxic. However, to understand its toxicology and determine its safe amount, further investigation is needed to protect the world from its harm.
    Future Prospects
    4-Iodopyridine is a chemical substance. Looking at its structure, the iodine atom is connected to the pyridine ring. This unique structure makes it have different chemical properties. In the field of current chemical research, it has already emerged.
    Looking to the future, 4-Iodopyridine will surely shine. Because of its role in organic synthesis, it can be used as a key intermediate to help build complex organic molecular structures. In the process of drug development, it may open up a new path for the creation of novel special drugs. In the field of materials science, it is also expected to use its characteristics to develop new materials with excellent performance.
    Over time, with the deepening of research, 4-Iodopyridine will surely bear fruit in many fields, contribute to the progress and development of mankind, and lead us towards a brighter future.
    Historical Development
    The development of 4-iodopyridine has been gradual throughout the ages. At the beginning, the road of exploration was long, and in the field of chemistry, people worked tirelessly to study this compound. In the past, scholars struggled to explore its mysteries with limited tools and knowledge. Although the progress was slow, the ambition remained unchanged.
    At any time, the optical flow changes, the technology gradually improves, and the understanding of 4-iodopyridine deepens. New methods and means emerge, and the synthesis process is becoming more and more perfect. From simple attempts to precise manipulation, the preparation of this compound is becoming more and more mature. Past experience is the cornerstone, and current breakthroughs are the new course, promoting the emergence of 4-iodopyridine in various fields. Its historical evolution is like a shining star shining brightly in the chemical sky, guiding the path of future exploration.
    Product Overview
    4-Iodopyridine is an organic compound. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid or crystalline with a special odor. This compound has a wide range of uses in the field of organic synthesis.
    In pharmaceutical chemistry, it is often a key intermediate for the preparation of drugs. Due to the activity of iodine atoms, it can participate in a variety of nucleophilic substitution reactions, helping to construct complex drug molecular structures.
    In the field of materials science, it also has its own shadow. It can be introduced into polymer materials through specific chemical reactions, giving the material unique photoelectric properties, such as in the research and development of organic Light Emitting Diodes and other materials.
    The method of synthesizing 4-Iodopyridine is often obtained by halogenation reaction using pyridine as the starting material. The control of reaction conditions is of paramount importance, such as temperature, choice of catalyst, and dosage, which all affect the yield and purity of the product.
    Physical & Chemical Properties
    4-Iodopyridine is also an organic compound. Its physical and chemical properties are unique. Looking at its physical properties, at room temperature, it is mostly a colorless to light yellow liquid with a special odor. Its boiling point is considerable, about a certain value. This property makes it possible to operate according to the difference in boiling point when separating and purifying.
    Regarding the chemical properties, the iodine atom in 4-Iodopyridine is significantly active. Due to its electronegativity, the iodine atom is easy to leave and participate in many nucleophilic substitution reactions. For example, when encountering nucleophiles, the iodine atom can be replaced by a nucleophilic group, thereby deriving a variety of new compounds. The electron cloud distribution of the pyridine ring also affects its reactivity, making the compound valuable in the field of organic synthesis. It can provide a critical path for the synthesis of many complex organic compounds and is important in chemical research and industrial production.
    Technical Specifications & Labeling
    4-Iodopyridine is an organic compound. The process specification for its preparation, the choice of the first raw material, must be pure and fine. Based on pyridine, iodine atoms are introduced by halogenation. During the reaction, the temperature should be controlled appropriately, and it should not be too dramatic or slow. And it is necessary to choose a good agent to catalyze to increase the speed of the reaction.
    The identification of its products (commodity parameters) is related to the purity and the amount of impurities. The purity must be above 90%, and the impurity content is micro. Looking at its color, it should be close to colorless or yellowish, and the texture should be clear. It is also necessary to measure its melting point. The melting point and boiling point of 4-Iodopyridine are fixed, and this is used as a standard to test its authenticity. When preparing, strictly adhere to the process specifications and precisely control the parameters to obtain high-quality 4-Iodopyridine products.
    Preparation Method
    In the process of making 4-Iodopyridine, the raw materials should be carefully selected. Pyridine is used as the base, and an appropriate amount of iodizing reagent is used as the raw material. The preparation process first allows the reaction of pyridine and iodizing reagent under a specific temperature and pressure. The temperature control should be stable, the reaction process should be observed, and it should be adjusted at the right time. In the reaction step, the raw materials should be mixed at the beginning, and gradually heated to a suitable degree to promote its synthesis. When the reaction is completed, purify it by an appropriate method.
    Catalytic mechanism, a specific catalyst can be used to increase the reaction rate and reduce the activation energy. When the amount of catalyst is accurate, more will produce side effects, and less will not be effective. After these steps, a relatively pure 4-Iodopyridine can be obtained. When preparing, all aspects need to be carefully considered. The quality of the raw materials, the control of the process, and the quality of the catalysis are all related to the quality of the product.
    Chemical Reactions & Modifications
    Taste the way of chemistry, there are thousands of changes, related to the transformation of substances and the change of properties. In today's words 4 - Iodopyridine, its chemical reaction and modification are quite important in the academic community.
    In the way of reaction, it may be in contact with nucleophilic reagents. The iodine atom is flexible and easy to be replaced by other groups, so it opens up new bonds. If you attack it with a nucleophilic body, iodine leaves, and new substances are formed. This is a common method of substitution, which can expand the boundaries of its chemistry.
    As for modification, different groups can be introduced to adjust the distribution of its electron cloud and change its physical and chemical properties. Or increase its solubility, or change its stability, to suit all needs. If a hydrophilic group is added, the solubility of the water phase will be greatly increased; adding a conjugated group can change its photoelectromagnetism. From this point of view, the reaction and modification of 4-Iodopyridine is like holding a key, opening a new door to chemical applications, waiting for our generation to explore in depth and add new colors to learning.
    Synonyms & Product Names
    4-Iodopyridine, this substance has attracted much attention in our chemical research. Its synonymous name is also the main point of research. In ancient books, although there is no accurate record of it, it can be explained in this way based on today's knowledge.
    Guanfu 4-iodopyridine, its synonym, also has other names. In the exchange of industry, there may be different names to refer to this substance, but they are all the same chemical substance. As for the trade name, there are also differences depending on the business and use. Or to highlight its characteristics, or to meet market demand, and take different names.
    This 4-iodopyridine, in the field of chemical synthesis, plays a significant role. Due to its unique structure, it can participate in a variety of reactions and is a key raw material for the preparation of other compounds. Therefore, exploring its synonyms and trade names is of great significance to chemical research and industrial application, which can make us better understand its overall picture in the industry, and is beneficial to R & D and production.
    Safety & Operational Standards
    4-Iodopyridine is also a chemical substance. Its safety and operation are of paramount importance.
    Anyone who studies this substance must first learn about its properties. 4-Iodopyridine has a specific chemical activity, and it should be handled with caution.
    In the chamber, take 4-Iodopyridine and place it in a good place. Because of its contingent performance, if the communication is not good, it will gather in the chamber, for fear of harming the researcher's body. And the operating table must be kept dry and dry to prevent the mixture of chemicals, affect its properties, and prevent accidental reactions.
    Furthermore, connecting 4-Iodopyridine requires anti-dumping equipment. Such as anti-clothing, gloves, etc. Gloves are resistant to chemical corrosion to prevent 4-Iodopyridine from penetrating, and skin. The eye can be used to prevent this thing from entering, which will cause damage to the eyes.
    And the method of its existence should not be ignored. It should be placed in a difficult place, where things are busy, and the source of fire and heat. 4-Iodopyridine or the reaction of danger caused by high temperature. And it needs to be stored in equal parts of oxidation and raw materials to prevent it from being disintegrated.
    The process of operation should follow the established procedure. Dissolution and mixing should follow. If there is a reaction, pay close attention to its process and deal with it normally.
    Therefore, the safe operation of 4-Iodopyridine is the foundation of chemical research. Researchers should keep this in order to ensure their own safety.
    Application Area
    4-Iodopyridine is a wonder of chemistry. Its application field is quite wide. In the field of pharmaceutical creation, it can be used as a key intermediate to help the research of medicinal power. Physicians use it to combine medicines, hoping to treat all diseases and relieve the suffering of the world.
    In the context of material science, it also has its uses. It can be used to preform specific materials, give materials new energy, or increase their toughness, or change their conductivity, so that they are suitable for different needs.
    In the process of organic synthesis, it is a powerful tool. Chemists use their characteristics to construct complex molecules and expand the new territory of organic synthesis, adding bricks and tiles to the progress of science. Its application in various fields, such as starry night, leads the direction of chemical research and promotes the prosperity of science and technology.
    Research & Development
    I am dedicated to the research of 4-Iodopyridine. This compound has a unique structure and specific properties, and has great potential in many fields.
    Initially investigated its synthesis method, and after repeated attempts, explored various paths. Or change the reaction conditions, adjust the temperature and pressure; or change the reaction raw materials to check their suitability. Although there are many obstacles in the process, I did not give up.
    Then study its properties, analyze its physical properties, and observe its chemical activity. It was found that it can react with a variety of substances in a specific environment to generate novel products.
    As for applications, Siqi can be used in pharmaceutical creation and is expected to become a new drug intermediate; or it can emerge in the field of materials and contribute to the research and development of new materials. I will continue to study it, hoping to explore its potential, promote its development, and contribute to the academic and industrial circles.
    Toxicity Research
    Toxicity of Iodopyridine. Detailed investigation of its molecular structure, iodine atoms attached to the pyridine ring, or due to the characteristics of iodine, when reacting with other substances, or variable. According to various experiments, it may release iodine ions in specific environments, interfering with biological biochemical reactions in vivo. If it enters the organism, or interacts with key molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, it will cause changes in its structure and function. At the cellular level, it may affect cell metabolism, proliferation, and even lead to apoptosis. And in the environment, or through migration and transformation, it will harm the surrounding ecology. Therefore, the study of the toxicity of 4-Iodopyridine should be conducted with caution and comprehensive investigation to clarify its harm and prevent it from harming organisms and the environment.
    Future Prospects
    4-Iodopyridine is a key raw material for organic synthesis, and has broad application prospects in the fields of medicine, pesticides and materials science. Looking at its future development, the potential is unlimited.
    In the field of medicine, scientific research has made rapid progress. Due to the unique chemical structure of 4-Iodopyridine, it can accurately participate in the construction of drug molecules, laying the foundation for innovative drug research and development. In the future, more specific drugs based on this raw material may come out to overcome difficult diseases and benefit human health.
    In terms of pesticides, with the increase in demand for high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides, 4-Iodopyridine is expected to play a greater role. With its synthetic new pesticides, it may be able to achieve precise insecticide and weed control, and is environmentally friendly, which is in line with the development trend of sustainable agriculture.
    In the field of materials science, it may help to develop new functional materials. Such as photoelectric materials, superconducting materials, etc., inject new impetus into the progress of electronic science and technology.
    In short, the future development of 4-Iodopyridine is full of hope. Scientists should make unremitting exploration to tap its more potential and create more brilliant achievements.
    Where to Buy 4-Iodopyridine in China?
    As a trusted 4-Iodopyridine manufacturer, we deliver: Factory-Direct Value: Competitive pricing with no middleman markups, tailored for bulk orders and project-scale requirements. Technical Excellence: Precision-engineered solutions backed by R&D expertise, from formulation to end-to-end delivery. Whether you need industrial-grade quantities or specialized customizations, our team ensures reliability at every stage—from initial specification to post-delivery support.
    Frequently Asked Questions

    As a leading 4-Iodopyridine supplier, we deliver high-quality products across diverse grades to meet evolving needs, empowering global customers with safe, efficient, and compliant chemical solutions.

    What are the main uses of 4-iodopyridine?
    The main purpose of 4% is to use it, which is very useful in the "Heavenly Works".
    First, it can be used for wearing things. In ancient times, people wanted to perforate leather, wood and bamboo materials, so that they could find a good tool. The craftsman holds it and presses it with force, so that the material can be perforated, such as leather shoes, which need to be perforated to make the shoes shape and firm.
    Furthermore, it is also indispensable in the fortifications of boat building. The construction of a boat often requires connecting various parts. However, when entering the wood, it is easy to enter it by leading holes first. This method can make the placement of the goods more accurate, and make the parts more dense, to ensure the durability of the boat, and to ensure the safety of navigation.
    In addition, in the construction of the matter, also has a place to use. Clothing, interspersing, there is a need for help, so that the arrangement of the goods is complete, the layout is uniform, and the quality of the goods is improved.
    For woodworking work, such as making tools, etc., it can be used for hole positioning. Before the official large hole, use the small hole to locate the position, so that the work is more precise, avoid deviation, and ensure the beauty of the finished product.
    Therefore, in the ancient multi-line workmanship process, all of them played an important role in helping craftsmen achieve excellent work and promoting the development of manual skills.
    What are the synthesis methods of 4-iodopyridine?
    There are many ways to combine mortise and tenon, each of which is exquisite. It is found in the book "Tiangong Kaiwu", and it is also recognized in the art of ancient construction.
    One is the "dovetail". This tenon is shaped like a dovetail, with a wide head and a narrow tail. Its system begins at the end of the two woods, with a dovetail-shaped tenon and a corresponding tenon. When assembling, the tenon is embedded in the mortise, like a dovetail returning to the nest, and it is tightly sewn. Because of its special shape, the greater the lateral tension, the tighter the combination. It is often used in chest drawers, roof truss joints of ancient buildings, etc., to make the structure stable and not easy to disengage.
    The second is the "dumpling-angle tenon". At the junction of three square timbers, the three tenons are at right angles to each other, just like the corners of zongzi, hence the name. When making, it is necessary to precisely cut the tenon and mortise structure that fits each other at the ends of the three timbers. This tenon method is often used to connect the corners of furniture, such as square tables, cabinets, etc. It not only has a stable effect, but also shows the beauty of craftsmanship. Viewed from different angles, it is in a regular state, reflecting the exquisite and rigorous traditional woodworking skills.
    The third is "lattice tenon". It is mostly used in frame structures, such as doors, windows, and screens. The method is to cut the ends of the two timbers into a 45-degree oblique angle, and then process the tenon and mortise on the inclined surface to make the two fit together. After splicing, the corner lines are smooth, and the appearance is neat and beautiful. In order to enhance the stability, bamboo nails or glue are often supplemented. This tenon method not only pays attention to the stability of the structure, but also takes into account the elegance of the appearance, and highlights the artistic charm in practicality.
    The fourth is "horse pin". This tenon is specially designed for detachable parts. The tenon has a special shape, one end is wide and the other is narrow, and the tenon is also corresponding to it. When installing, slide the tenon along the wider side of the tenon. After it is in place, the narrow end is stuck to make the parts firmly connected. When disassembling, it can be separated with a little force. It is often used in screen partition fans, removable furniture parts, etc., which is convenient for transportation and assembly, and has both practicality and flexibility.
    The combination of mortise and tenon is the crystallization of traditional woodworking wisdom. With exquisite methods, the stability and beauty of the utensils have been achieved, and they have been passed down for thousands of years. They are really treasures of Chinese craftsmanship.
    What are the physical properties of 4-iodopyridine?
    4. The physical reason of the gun is generally special. Its shape is excellent, it is thick and thick, and the outside is clear, and it has a millimeter gap. This is to ensure that the gun body can withstand a large firing force. The thickness of the gun wall can ensure that the gun can be shot well, and it will not break due to the height of the bore.
    Its material has excellent performance, and it can hold the gun body to be fixed, so that the road of the gun can be shot well, and there is less deviation.
    Special smelting, including less, so it is normal, durable, and can withstand multiple shots without folding.
    Furthermore, the weight of the gun is not only easy to install and fix, but also not to be too heavy to move. In this way, it is easy to move the equipment manually and adjust the angle, and the terrain and operation requirements are different.
    And its surface is smooth, and the bore is also polished, so that the gun can slide out of the gun during the shooting, reduce friction resistance, improve the initial speed of the gun, and increase the range of the gun. The gun mouth is also studied, and the shooting direction of the gun is appropriately introduced, so that the operation of the gun is more accurate, and the probability of the target is greatly improved. In addition, the physical properties of the 4 cannons make it a foundation for the great power of the gun.
    What are the chemical properties of 4-iodopyridine?
    The chemical properties of 4-nitroparaffin are quite unique. This substance is oxidizing and can be used as an oxidizing agent to participate in various chemical reactions under specific conditions. Because of the nitro group in the molecule, the nitrogen in the nitro group is in a high valence state and has a tendency to obtain electrons, so 4-nitroparaffin exhibits oxidizing properties.
    It is also flammable. Although it is not comparable to ordinary flammable substances, it may catch fire in case of hot topics, open flames or strong oxidants. Because it contains flammable elements such as hydrocarbons, under suitable conditions, it can react violently with oxygen to release heat and carbon dioxide, water and other products.
    And 4-nitroparaffin has a certain chemical activity. The presence of nitro groups makes the distribution of molecular electron clouds uneven, resulting in a significant increase in the activity of some parts of it. It can undergo substitution reactions with a variety of reagents, such as nucleophilic substitution. The nucleophilic group in the reagent can replace the atoms or groups next to the nitro group, and then derive other compounds.
    Furthermore, 4-nitroparaffin in an alkaline environment, the chemical properties of 4-nitroparaffin will also change. Nitro can be affected by alkali, and reactions such as hydrolysis occur, and the products may be corresponding carboxylate and other substances.
    In addition, the stability of 4-nitroparaffins is relatively limited. Heat, light, or contact with certain catalysts may initiate decomposition reactions, and the decomposition products may be nitrogen oxides such as nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, and other small molecule compounds. This property requires special attention during storage and use to prevent accidents caused by decomposition.
    What is the price range of 4-iodopyridine in the market?
    The change in prices between the shops in Guanfu City depends on many causes and conditions.
    I have heard that the price of goods varies according to the state of supply and demand, the abundance of materials, and the simplicity of labor. If you want to know the price range of something in the market today, you can use the theory of "Tiangong Kaiwu".
    If the supply of ordinary goods exceeds the demand, the price must be low. For example, in the field of rice, in the year of a bumper harvest, the warehouses are full, and the rice in the city is full, its price should be at a lower level. Or each stone is only a few dollars of silver, because there is a lot of output, and everyone can get it. Competing to sell it, the price has to drop.
    On the contrary, if the goods are scarce and there are many people who want them, the price will be high. Like a rare treasure, which is rare in the world, but there are many who want to get it, the price will be unfathomable. Like that beautiful jade gold, with a pure texture, the price will often skyrocket, and it will be beyond the reach of ordinary people, or both, worth tens or even hundreds of gold.
    Furthermore, the abundance of materials also affects the price. If the materials used are widely sourced and inexhaustible, the cost will be controllable and the price will be stable. If the materials used are scarce and difficult to find, the price will rise. For example, if the kaolin required for porcelain production is abundant in origin, the price of porcelain may be close to the people; if the origin is damaged and the soil source is scarce, the price of porcelain will rise.
    The simplicity of labor is also the main reason for prices. Making things with complicated craftsmanship is time-consuming and laborious. Craftsmen need exquisite skills and layers of carving, and their prices are high. Like the exquisite Suzhou embroidery, every stitch and thread is the work of the craftsman. A masterpiece is worth a lot, or tens of taels or even hundreds of taels of silver. And the production of simple products requires less labor and the price is relatively low.
    To sum up, it is difficult to generalize the price range of something in the market. Or as low as a few pennies, or as high as thousands of dollars, depending on the intertwined situation of supply and demand, materials, labor, and other factors.