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What is the chemical structure of 5-acetamido-n ', n' -bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) -2,4, 6-triiodoisophthalamide?
5 - acetamido - N ', N' - bis (2,3 - dihydroxypropyl) - 2,4,6 - triiodoisophthalamide is the name of an organic compound, and its chemical structure can be explained as follows.
Look at its name, "5 - acetamido", which is shown at a specific position in the molecular structure, that is, at position 5, with acetamide (- CONHCH). "N ', N' - bis (2,3 - dihydroxypropyl) ", the two parts connected to the epitrogen atom (N), both of which are 2,3 - dihydroxypropyl (- CH _ (OH) CH _ OH), and there are two such groups. " 2,4,6 - triiodoisophthalamide ", indicating that the 2, 4, and 6 positions on the benzene ring are replaced by iodine atoms, and the main body of the compound is an isophthalamide structure, that is, the two carboxyl groups of the benzene ring react with ammonia to form an amide structure.
In summary, the chemical structure of this compound is mainly isophthalamide, the 2, 4, and 6 positions of the benzene ring are connected to iodine atoms, the 5 positions are connected to acetamide groups, and the two amide nitrogen atoms are respectively connected to 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups. In this way, its structure is immediately apparent, and this is the method of pushing the structure according to its name.
What are the main uses of 5-acetamido-n ', n' -bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) -2,4, 6-triiodoisophthalamide?
5-Acetamido-N ', N' -bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) -2, 4, 6-triiodoisophthalamide, which is the English name of iohexanol. Iohexanol is a commonly used non-ionic contrast agent in clinical use and has a wide range of uses.
In the field of medical imaging, it is mainly used for X-ray angiography, such as cerebral angiography, cardiovascular angiography, peripheral angiography, etc. By injecting iohexanol, blood vessels can be clearly developed under X-ray irradiation, which helps physicians to accurately understand the morphology, running, and whether there are stenosis, obstruction, and deformity of blood vessels, which is of great significance for the diagnosis of vascular diseases.
In CT enhanced scanning, iohexanol also plays a key role. It can improve the contrast between the diseased tissue and the normal tissue, make the lesion more prominent, help to find small lesions, and clarify the scope of the lesion, blood supply and other characteristics, greatly improve the accuracy of CT diagnosis, and contribute greatly to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumors and other diseases.
In addition, in myelography, iohexanol has good tolerance and safety, which can clearly display the structure of the spinal canal and assist in the diagnosis of spinal cord and nerve root-related diseases such as space-occupying lesions in the spinal canal and intervertebral disc herniation.
Iodohexol plays an important role in modern medical imaging diagnosis due to its good imaging effect and relatively low incidence of adverse reactions, providing a key basis for the accurate diagnosis of diseases and the formulation of follow-up treatment plans.
What is the safety of 5-acetamido-n ', n' -bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) -2,4, 6-triiodoisophthalamide?
5 - acetamido - N ', N' - bis (2,3 - dihydroxypropyl) - 2,4,6 - triiodoisophthalamide is a chemical whose safety is very important. It may be used as a contrast agent in the field of medicine.
When it comes to safety, toxicity is the first to bear the brunt. After careful evaluation by many studies, its acute toxicity is still controllable at an appropriate dose. However, if the dose is too high, it may have adverse effects on many systems of the body, such as liver and kidney function. The liver is responsible for detoxification and metabolism, and the kidneys are responsible for excretion. Both are important detoxification organs of the body. Improper doses or impairment of their functions.
Allergic reactions are also the focus of attention. Some individuals are particularly sensitive to this chemical, and may cause allergies after exposure. In mild cases, rash and itching can be seen, and in severe cases, it can cause breathing difficulties, anaphylactic shock, and even life-threatening. Therefore, before use, it is necessary to consult the patient's allergy history and conduct allergy tests.
The safety of long-term use also needs to be considered. Although existing short-term studies show that it is relatively safe, the potential impact of long-term use on the human body remains unclear. Long-term use or lead to the accumulation of iodine in the body, which in turn interferes with the normal function of the thyroid gland. The thyroid has a specific mechanism for the uptake and utilization of iodine. Excessive or insufficient iodine can cause thyroid diseases, such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.
In addition, the safety of this chemical Such as the elderly, children and pregnant women, because their physiological functions are different from ordinary people, they need to be used with extra caution. The function of the organs of the elderly is declining, and the ability to metabolize and excrete chemicals is weakened; the body of children is still developing, and the functions of various systems are not perfect; pregnant women use drugs related to the safety of the mother and the fetus, and the pros and cons need to be weighed according to individual conditions.
Overall, the safety of 5-acetamido - N ', N' - bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) - 2,4,6 - triiodoisophthalamide needs to be considered in a comprehensive manner. When using, it is necessary to strictly follow the doctor's instructions and closely monitor to ensure safety.
What is the production method of 5-acetamido-n ', n' -bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) -2,4, 6-triiodoisophthalamide?
5 - acetamido - N ', N' - bis (2,3 - dihydroxypropyl) - 2,4,6 - triiodoisophthalamide is the English name of iohexanol, which is a commonly used contrast agent in clinical practice. The preparation method, although not contained in ancient books, can be described as follows according to today's chemical synthesis theory:
Starting material, commonly selected 2,4,6 - trinitroisophthalic acid. First, with a suitable reducing agent, such as iron powder and hydrochloric acid system, the nitro group is reduced to an amino group to obtain 2,4,6 - triaminoisophthalic acid. This step requires temperature control and time control to prevent side reactions from being raw and causing impure products. Then, 2,4,6-triaminoisophthalic acid and iodine sources, such as potassium iodate and potassium iodide, are electrophilically substituted in an acidic medium, so that the amino o and para-amino groups on the benzene ring are introduced into the iodine atom to form 2,4,6-triiodo- 5-aminoisophthalic acid. In this step, the amount of iodine and the reaction conditions need to be carefully controlled to achieve high yield and high selectivity.
Then, acetic anhydride is used as the acetylation reagent to make the amino acetylation of 5-aminoisophthalic acid to obtain 5-acetamido-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid. In the reaction, the amount of acetic anhydride, reaction temperature and time depend on the degree of acetylation.
5-Acetamido-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid and 2,3-dihydroxypropylamine, in the presence of a condensing agent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and a catalyst of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), amidation occurs, and the final product is 5-acetamido-N ', N' -bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) -2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid. After the reaction, it is separated and purified, such as recrystallization, column chromatography, etc., to obtain a pure product. Throughout the synthesis process, the reaction conditions at each step need to be strictly controlled to ensure the quality and yield of the product.
What are the advantages of 5-acetamido-n ', n' -bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) -2,4, 6-triiodoisophthalamide compared to other similar products?
5 - acetamido - N ', N' - bis (2,3 - dihydroxypropyl) - 2,4,6 - triiodoisophthalamide is one of the contrast agents, which does have many advantages over other similar products.
First, the hydrophilicity is quite good. The structure of this substance contains multiple hydroxyl groups and amide groups, which endow it with good hydrophilicity. Compared with hydrophobic contrast agents, it has good solubility in human body fluids and can be dispersed more evenly, reducing the risk of adverse reactions caused by aggregation. For example, when performing angiography, the excellent hydrophilicity allows the contrast agent to be rapidly and evenly distributed in the blood vessel, presenting a clear image, while hydrophobic ones may have the risk of precipitation and obstruction.
Second, it is safe. Because of its stable chemical structure, it is not easy to decompose and produce toxic and harmful substances during metabolism in the body. After clinical verification, the probability of allergic reactions, nephrotoxicity and other adverse reactions in patients after using this contrast agent is relatively low. Compared with some contrast agents in the past, the previous agent may release harmful ingredients during metabolism in the body due to poor stability, damaging organs such as liver and kidney, while this product has no such worries.
Third, the image clarity is very good. The molecule is rich in iodine atoms, and iodine has a high atomic number, which has strong absorption capacity for X-rays. During imaging examination, it can produce obvious contrast effect, making the target tissue and surrounding tissues clear, helping physicians to accurately diagnose. For example, in CT examination, with its high iodine content, the lesion can be clearly displayed, which is more accurate than other contrast agents with low iodine content.
Fourth, the targeting is commendable. Although it is not absolutely accurate targeting, it can be enriched in specific tissues or organs to a certain extent due to its structural characteristics. For example, during urography, it can be relatively focused on the urinary tract, making the urinary tract clear, providing a strong basis for the diagnosis of urinary system diseases, and has more diagnostic advantages than contrast agents without this characteristic.
