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What is the chemical structure of 5 - bromo - 2 - iodobenzoate?
The chemical structure of 5-bromo-2-iodobenzoate is particularly crucial, and it is related to many chemical properties and reactions. Among this compound, the structure of benzoate is its base, and the benzene ring of benzoic acid has a conjugated system, which shows a planar structure, which gives the molecule a certain stability and special electron cloud distribution.
On the benzene ring, there are bromine atoms at 5 positions and iodine atoms at 2 positions. Both bromine and iodine are halogen elements and have strong electronegativity. The introduction of bromine and iodine atoms significantly changes the electron cloud density and distribution of the benzene ring. Because its electronegativity is greater than that of carbon, it will produce an electron-absorbing induction effect, which will shift the electron cloud of the benzene ring to the halogen atom, reduce the density of the electron cloud of the benzene ring, and change the activity of the electrophilic substitution reaction of the benzene ring.
The ester group (-COOR) is connected to the carboxyl group of benzoic acid, which endows the molecule with specific chemical activities and physical properties. The carbon-oxygen double bond of the ester group also participates in the conjugation system and affects the electronic structure of the molecule. And this structure can undergo many reactions such as hydrolysis and alcoholysis, and is widely used in the field of organic synthesis. The chemical structure of 5-bromo-2-iodobenzoate, due to the presence of bromine, iodine atoms and ester groups, makes it have unique reactive properties and application value in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and other fields. Its structural characteristics are fundamental to the research and application of this compound.
What are the main physical properties of 5 - bromo - 2 - iodobenzoate?
5-Bromo-2-iodobenzoate is one of the organic compounds. It has several important physical properties, which are described as follows:
First words appearance and properties, usually white to light yellow crystalline powder, this form is quite common in many organic solid compounds. The powder has a fine texture. To the naked eye in the laboratory, the gloss is not very significant, but the particle distribution is relatively uniform.
The melting point is the key physical constant for the identification of organic compounds. The melting point of 5-bromo-2-iodobenzoate is about a specific temperature range. The accurate determination of the melting point value is of great significance for the determination of the purity and structure of the compound. Through the melting point measurement experiment, the purity status can be observed. If the purity is high, the melting point range is narrow and close to the theoretical value; if it contains impurities, the melting point decreases and the melting range becomes wider.
Solubility is also one of the important properties. It exhibits a certain solubility in common organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, chloroform, etc. In ethanol, moderate heating can promote dissolution and form a clear solution. This is due to the formation of specific interactions between molecules and ethanol molecules, such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, etc. However, in water, its solubility is very small. Due to the large proportion of hydrophobic groups in the molecular structure, it is difficult to form effective interactions with water molecules, so it is difficult to dissolve.
Furthermore, its density is also an inherent physical property. Although the exact density value varies slightly according to the specific experimental conditions, the density is relatively moderate, which is consistent with the density range of common organic compounds. This density characteristic provides an important reference for the separation, purification and operation design of related chemical reactions.
As for stability, under conventional environmental conditions, 5-bromo-2-iodobenzoate is relatively stable. In case of high temperature, strong oxidant or specific chemical reaction conditions, the bromine, iodine atom and ester group in the structure can react accordingly, causing structural changes. This stability consideration is an indispensable factor in the storage, transportation and use of compounds.
What are the common synthesis methods of 5 - bromo - 2 - iodobenzoate?
The common synthesis methods of 5-bromo-2-iodobenzoate are as follows:
First, using 5-bromo-2-iodobenzoic acid as the starting material, esterification reaction occurs with alcohols under acid catalysis. This process requires the selection of suitable alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, etc. The commonly used acid catalysts include sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, etc. In the reaction system, the acid and alcohol are mixed in an appropriate proportion, an appropriate amount of catalyst is added, and the reflux is heated. During this period, the reaction temperature, time and the proportion of reactants all affect the reaction yield. If the temperature is too high, or side reactions occur; if the temperature is too low, the reaction rate is slow. After the reaction is completed, the product is purified through neutralization, extraction, distillation and other steps.
Second, the benzoic acid is brominated and iodized first to obtain 5-bromo-2-iodobenzoic acid, and then esterified. During bromination, bromine, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and other brominating reagents can be selected to react under the action of appropriate solvents and catalysts. During iodization, iodization is completed under specific conditions by using iodine elemental substance and suitable iodization aids. Then the halogenated benzoic acid and alcohol are treated according to the above esterification reaction method to achieve the purpose of synthesizing 5-bromo-2-iodobenzoate.
Or, using an aromatic compound containing the corresponding substituent as the starting material, the benzoate structure is constructed through a multi-step reaction, and bromine and iodine atoms are introduced. For example, the ester group is first constructed from a specific aromatic hydrocarbon derivative through a Fu-gram reaction, and then bromine and iodine atoms are introduced in sequence through a halogenation reaction. This method is more complicated, but the product structure can be flexibly adjusted according to different starting materials and reaction conditions. Each synthesis path has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the appropriate synthesis method needs to be selected according to actual needs, such as raw material availability, cost, yield and purity requirements.
What are the applications of 5 - bromo - 2 - iodobenzoate?
5-Bromo-2-iodobenzoate has a wide range of uses and is used in many fields.
In the field of medicinal chemistry, it is often used as a key intermediate. Taking the synthesis of specific targeted anti-cancer drugs as an example, the bromine and iodine atoms in its structure can be precisely introduced into the molecular structure of the drug by organic synthesis. The unique electronic and spatial effects of this atom can optimize the binding ability of drugs to targets, improve drug activity and selectivity, and help develop more efficient and low-side-effect anti-cancer drugs.
In the field of materials science, it also plays an important role. For example, when preparing functional materials with special optical or electrical properties, 5-bromo-2-iodobenzoate can participate in the polymerization reaction as a structural unit. By carefully designing the polymerization method with other monomers, the obtained polymer materials may have unique photoelectric response properties, which can be used to fabricate organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), solar cells and other optoelectronic devices, thereby improving the performance and efficiency of the device.
Furthermore, in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, as an important synthetic block, it can participate in a variety of classical organic reactions, such as palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. With this reaction, it can be coupled with various organic compounds containing unsaturated bonds to build complex and diverse organic molecules, providing organic synthesis chemists with a wealth of synthesis strategies for creating new organic compounds and expanding the research scope of organic chemistry.
What is the market price range for 5 - bromo - 2 - iodobenzoate?
The market price range of 5-bromo-2-iodobenzoate is difficult to determine. This is because many factors will affect its price, such as the cost of raw materials, the difficulty of preparation, market supply and demand, and the quality.
First talk about the cost of raw materials. The prices of raw materials such as bromine and iodine often fluctuate due to the availability of resources, the difficulty of mining, the international situation and market supply and demand. If the price of raw materials is high, the cost of 5-bromo-2-iodobenzoate will also increase, and the price will rise.
The difficulty of preparation also affects the price. If its preparation requires complex processes, special equipment or harsh conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, the use of expensive catalysts, etc., the production cost will be high and the price will not be low.
Market supply and demand is even more critical. If the market demand for this product is strong and the supply is limited, such as for the research and development and production of specific high-end pharmaceutical or electronic materials, the demand far exceeds the supply, and the price will go up; on the contrary, if the supply exceeds the demand, the price will fall.
Quality is equally important. Products with high purity and few impurities require finer purification processes, high cost, and higher price than those of ordinary quality.
Looking at the similar situation of fine chemicals common in the market in the past, the price may range from tens to hundreds of yuan per gram. However, this is only a rough guess, and the actual price may deviate significantly due to the above factors. To know the exact price, it is necessary to carefully observe the current market conditions and communicate with relevant suppliers and manufacturers to inquire.