5 Iodo 2 Deoxy D Uridine

5-Iodo-2 '-deoxy-D-uridine, Chinese name 5-iodine-2' -deoxyuridine, often referred to as iodine (Idoxuridine). This substance is widely used, mainly in the field of medicine and scientific research.
In the field of medicine, it is a good antiviral medicine. This drug can inhibit the synthesis of viral DNA, which in turn inhibits the proliferation of viruses. Especially for keratitis caused by herpes simplex virus, the effect is remarkable. When the virus ravages the eye and causes corneal invasion, iodine glycoside can effectively inhibit virus replication, reduce inflammation, and help repair the damaged cornea. It is of great significance for maintaining eye health and preventing visual impairment.
In the field of scientific research, it is also an important tool. Because its structure is similar to thymine nucleoside, it can be incorporated into newly synthesized DNA strands during cell proliferation. With this property, researchers can mark and track the proliferation and differentiation process of cells. For example, when studying the growth mechanism of tumor cells, by allowing tumor cells to uptake 5-iodo-2 '-deoxy-D-uridine, they can observe the division and proliferation of tumor cells, providing key information for exploring the pathogenesis of tumors and developing new therapies. Furthermore, in stem cell research, it can also be used to understand the differentiation pathway and characteristics of stem cells, promoting the development of regenerative medicine.

5-Iodo-2 '-deoxy-D-uridine, the Chinese name is often 5-iodine-2' -deoxyuridine, referred to as IUdR. The mechanism of action of this substance is delicate and complex.
It can be incorporated into the DNA strand being synthesized. When cells replicate DNA, under normal circumstances, deoxythymidine (dT) will combine with adenine (A) according to the principle of complementary pairing of bases, and then complete the extension of the DNA strand. However, IUdR can competitively replace dT because its structure is very similar to dT.
Once IUdR is incorporated into the DNA strand, the DNA structure will be changed. This change can affect the interaction between DNA and various proteins, such as DNA polymerase and other key proteins involved in DNA replication and repair, which disrupt their function.
At the same time, DNA containing IUdR can affect the structure of chromatin. Changes in chromatin structure can lead to abnormal regulation of gene expression. Some genes that should be normally expressed are suppressed due to changes in chromatin structure; conversely, some genes that should not be expressed may be abnormally activated.
In addition, the immune system can recognize DNA containing IUdR as foreign, triggering an immune response. Immune cells will attack cells containing such abnormal DNA, causing cell damage and even apoptosis.
Overall, 5-iodo-2 '-deoxy-D-uridine has a profound impact on cellular physiological processes by replacing normal nucleotides into DNA, altering DNA structure and function, interfering with gene expression, and triggering immune responses.

5-Iodo-2 '-deoxy-D-uridine, Chinese name 5-iodo-2' -deoxyuridine, often referred to as ioside. This drug is widely used in the treatment of antiviral, anti-tumor and other diseases.
Looking at the use of antiviral, ioside can play a role in herpes virus infection. Its mechanism is that ioside structure is similar to thymidine nucleoside, which can be mixed into viral DNA, causing viral DNA synthesis to be blocked, thereby inhibiting virus reproduction. Such as herpes simplex virus-induced keratitis, clinical treatment is often treated with ioside eye drops. The eye drops can directly reach the lesion, inhibit virus replication, relieve eye inflammation, help patients regain a clear vision, and make vision and pain disappear.
As for the field of anti-tumor, iodine glycosides also have their uses. Tumor cells proliferate rapidly and require a lot of DNA synthesis. Iodine glycosides can interfere with the DNA synthesis of tumor cells and hinder their division and proliferation. Although the efficacy may be limited when used alone, they are often synergistic with other anti-tumor drugs. For example, in the chemotherapy regimen of some solid tumors, iodine glycosides can be used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to enhance the killing of tumor cells, bring more vitality to patients, and make the tumor gradually disappear and the disease can be controlled.
It can be seen that 5-iodo-2 '-deoxy-D-uridine, with its unique mechanism of action in antiviral and anti-tumor therapy, has brought hope for cure to many patients, making it one of the effective tools in the field of medicine.

5-Iodo-2 '-deoxy-D-uridine, Chinese translation of 5-iodine-2' -deoxyuridine, often referred to by the English abbreviation IdUrd or IdU. Although this substance is widely used in medicine and scientific research, it also has several potential side effects.
One of its side effects is related to the immune response. IdU can penetrate into the cell DNA, causing the immune system to mistake the cells containing it for foreign bodies, thereby triggering an immune response. This immune response may be mild or severe, with mild cases only showing local inflammatory reactions, such as redness, swelling, and pain; in severe cases, it can cause systemic immune disorders, involving multiple systems and organs, and affecting the normal function of the body.
Furthermore, it also interferes with cell proliferation and differentiation. Because IdU participates in DNA, it will disrupt the normal DNA structure and function. During cell proliferation, DNA replication needs to be accurate, and the incorporation of IdU may cause replication errors, hindering normal cell division. In the stage of cell differentiation, it may also interfere with the regulation of gene expression, causing cell differentiation to deviate from the right track, affecting the development and repair of tissues and organs.
In addition, there is potential genetic toxicity. DNA structure changes caused by IdU may lead to gene mutations. If such mutations occur in germ cells, or are inherited to offspring, they will affect the population gene pool; if somatic cell mutations or increase the risk of cancer, mutated cells may proliferate out of control and form tumors.
It is also necessary to pay attention to its potential impact on the nervous system. Normal cell activity is crucial in the development and maintenance of nervous system function. IdU interferes with cellular processes, or affects the signaling and function of nerve cells, causing neurological symptoms such as cognitive impairment and behavioral abnormalities.

5-Iodo-2 '-deoxy-D-uridine, Chinese translation of 5-iodine-2' -deoxyuridine, often referred to by the English abbreviation IdUrd. This substance is mostly used in cell proliferation studies to observe the growth and division of cells. Its usage is as follows:
When cell culture, add an appropriate amount of IdUrd to the medium. The choice of its concentration is very critical, generally between 10-100 μM. Due to the different sensitivity and metabolic rate of different cells to IdUrd, the actual concentration needs to be determined experimentally.
After adding IdUrd, the incubation time is determined according to the research purpose and cell cycle. If you look at the S phase of the cell cycle, incubation for 2-4 hours is sufficient. Because the S phase is the DNA synthesis phase, IdUrd can incorporate newly synthesized DNA at this time. If the cells proliferate for a long time, incubate for a few hours to a few days.
After incubation, the cells are fixed and permeabilized. Cells are often fixed with paraformaldehyde, and then permeabilized with reagents such as Triton X-100, so that the antibody can enter the cells and bind to IdUrd.
Afterwards, specific anti-IdUrd antibodies are used to react with DNA-incorporated IdUrd. This antibody is multi-labeled with luciferin or enzymes for detection. If the antibody is labeled with fluorescence, it can be directly observed under a fluorescence microscope; if the antibody is labeled with enzyme, the substrate needs to be added for color development and quantitative analysis by colorimetry.
In addition, it is also important to set up a control. Cells without IdUrd were used as negative controls to know the degree of non-specific staining; cells with known proliferation status were used as positive controls to prove that the experimental system was feasible. In this way, 5-iodo-2 '-deoxy-D-uridine can be used to accurately study cell proliferation-related issues.