What are the chemical properties of Aniline, O-iodo-?
The chemical properties of aniline and o-iodine aniline are as follows:
Aniline is basic, because the nitrogen atom of the amino group has a lone pair of electrons, it can form a salt with an acid. In case of hydrochloric acid, aniline hydrochloride can be generated. It also has nucleophilicity, and the nitrogen of the amino group can be used as a nucleophilic reagent in the nucleophilic substitution reaction. And the electron cloud density of the benzene ring increases due to the electron-giving effect of the amino group, which is more prone to electrophilic substitution reactions, and the substitution is mostly in the adjacent and para-position of the amino group.
o-iodine aniline, in addition to the commonality of aniline, has changed properties due to the introduction of iodine atoms. Iodine atoms are more electronegative and have an electron- This makes the electron cloud density distribution of the benzene ring change, and the activity of electrophilic substitution is different from that of aniline. In some reactions, iodine atoms can be used as leaving groups to participate in nucleophilic substitution and other reactions. The physical properties of o-iodine aniline, due to the presence of iodine atoms, increase the relative molecular weight, and the melting boiling point may be different from that of aniline. And iodine atoms affect the molecular polarity, and their solubility in solvents is also different from that of aniline. In short, the chemical properties of aniline and o-iodine aniline are not only common due to amino groups, but also different due to the existence of iodine atoms, which are useful in organic synthesis and other fields.
What are the physical properties of Aniline, O-iodo-?
The physical properties of aniline and o-iodoaniline are as follows:
Aniline is a colorless oily liquid with a special odor. Its melting point is about -6.3 ° C, boiling point is 184 ° C, density is 1.0217 g/cm ³, slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. It is alkaline and can react with acids to form salts.
o-iodoaniline, mostly in solid form at room temperature. The melting point is in the range of 37-40 ° C, and the boiling point is 275-277 ° C. Due to the presence of iodine atoms and amino groups in the molecule, it has a relatively high density. In terms of solubility, it is difficult to dissolve in water and has certain solubility in organic solvents such as benzene, ether, and ethanol. In o-iodine aniline, the amino group is the power supply group, while the iodine atom is relatively large and electronegative, both of which jointly affect the electron cloud distribution of the molecule, and then affect its chemical activity. Compared with aniline, due to the steric hindrance of iodine atoms and the electron-absorbing induction effect, o-iodine aniline is slightly less basic. When electrophilic substitution occurs, the reactivity and selectivity will also change. In the field of organic synthesis, it is often used as an important intermediate to participate in the preparation of many nitrogenous and iodine-containing compounds.
What are the main uses of Aniline, O-iodo-?
Aniline, o-iodine aniline, both of which are widely used.
Aniline plays a significant role in the dye industry. It can be used as raw materials for many synthetic dyes, such as acid dyes, basic dyes, direct dyes, etc. With aniline as the starting material, through a series of chemical reactions, colorful dyes can be prepared, which can be used for dyeing fabrics, leather, etc., to enhance the color of the world. In the field of medicine, aniline also plays an important role. It is a key intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs, such as the antipyretic and analgesic drug phenacetin, which helps humans resist disease intrusion. In the production of rubber additives, aniline is indispensable, which can be used to prepare antioxidants, accelerators, etc., to improve the performance and service life of rubber products.
O-iodine aniline also has its In the field of organic synthesis, it is an important intermediate. It can participate in many chemical reactions, build complex organic molecular structures, and lay the foundation for the synthesis of new organic compounds. In materials science, it can be used to prepare functional materials. For example, some materials with special optoelectronic properties may have application potential in electronic devices, optical equipment and other fields, contributing to the development of science and technology. In drug development, o-iodoaniline can be used as a raw material for the design and synthesis of specific drug molecules, providing the possibility for the exploration of new drugs.
What is the preparation method of Aniline, O-iodo-?
The method of preparing o-iodine aniline is to take aniline as the base and form a salt with acid. Aniline hydrochloride is often made from hydrochloric acid because it is more stable and easy to make. This step is because the amino group activity of aniline is high, easy to oxidize, and the salt can keep it stable.
The next step is diazotization. React with sodium nitrite and aniline salt at low temperature and in the presence of acid. It is very important to control the temperature, usually at 0 to 5 degrees Celsius. If it is too high, the diazonium salt will be easily decomposed. It should be as follows: Aniline hydrochloride and sodium nitrite produce diazonium salt, sodium chloride and water in hydrochloric acid environment. This diazonium salt has high activity.
The last iodine substitution reaction is performed. With the co-reaction of potassium iodide with the above diazonium salt, the diazonium group is then replaced by an iodine atom to obtain o-iodoaniline. This reaction is relatively smooth, because the diazonium group is a good leaving group, the iodine ion in potassium iodide has good nucleophilicity, and the two phases interact to form o-iodoaniline. After the reaction, the product is often purified by neutralization, extraction, distillation, etc., and impurities are removed to obtain pure o-iodoaniline. In this way, the operation in sequence can obtain o-iodoanil
Aniline, O-iodo - What are the precautions during use?
Aniline and o-iodine aniline are used in the chemical industry. When using them, there are many matters that cannot be ignored.
One is related to toxicity. Aniline is toxic and can enter the body through the skin, breathing, and damage the blood, nervous and other systems. o-iodine aniline is also toxic. When operating, protective equipment, such as gas masks, gloves, protective clothing, etc., are required, and work in well-ventilated places to prevent the accumulation of toxins and harm to the human body.
Second, on combustion and explosion. Aniline is flammable, flammable in the event of open flames and hot topics, and can react violently with oxidants. Although the risk of explosion of o-iodine aniline is slightly lower, it needs to be stored away from fire and heat sources, and stored properly to avoid mixing with strong oxidants to prevent accidents.
Third, it concerns storage. Both should be stored in a cool and ventilated compartment, away from fire and heat sources. Aniline should be stored separately from oxidants and acids, and o-iodoaniline should also be stored separately from contraindications. The storage area is equipped with suitable materials to contain leaks, just in case.
Fourth, pay attention to operation. When using, it should be lightly loaded and unloaded to prevent packaging damage. The equipment to be used should be clean, dry, and cleaned in time after use. The operation process is strict and standardized, and the process should not be changed at will to avoid danger.
In short, when using aniline and o-iodoaniline, it is necessary to be careful and follow the rules to ensure safety.
