What is the Chinese name of Benzene, 1,3-diodo-?

The text of "Tiangong Kaiwu" is famous for its simplicity and simplicity. It aims to describe the techniques of all kinds of crafts and the principles of all things in concise words. In today's words, "Benzene, 1,3-diiodo-" is the Western chemical naming method. If it is said in ancient Chinese, it should be "m-diiodobenzene".

Benzene, an organic compound, has a unique ring structure and is an important basis in chemistry. "1,3-diiodo-" is shown in the 1st and 3rd positions of the benzene ring, each connected with an iodine atom. In the language of ancient Chinese chemistry, "between", the epitopes are separated, not neighboring and not pair. Therefore, "Benzene, 1,3 -diiodo-" is called "m-diiodobenzene". It is said that the iodine atom is in the position of the benzene ring to clarify its structure, so that people can learn and study it. Such a name not only inherits the essence of archaeology, but also conforms to the rules of today's chemistry, and is beneficial to academic inheritance and development.

What are the physical properties of Benzene, 1,3-diodo-?

1,3-Diiodobenzene is also an organic compound. Its physical properties are particularly important and are described in detail by you.

First of all, its appearance, 1,3-diiodobenzene is white to light yellow crystalline powder under normal conditions, its shape is delicate, and the appearance is quite textured. This color characteristic can be an important characteristic when identifying this substance.

Second, its melting point is between about 64-67 ° C. When the temperature gradually rises to Si, this substance gradually melts from a solid state to a liquid state, just like ice and snow melting when warm. The characteristics of the melting point are crucial when identifying and purifying 1,3-diiodobenzene. By measuring the melting point, its purity can be determined.

Furthermore, its boiling point is about 285 ° C. At this high temperature, 1,3-diiodobenzene will transform from liquid to gaseous and rise in space. The value of boiling point is related to the setting of distillation separation and other operation processes in chemical production.

Solubility is also an important physical property. 1,3-diiodobenzene is insoluble in water. Water is the source of life, but it is like a trader with 1,3-diiodobenzene, and it is difficult to dissolve. However, it is soluble in many organic solvents, such as ether, benzene, chloroform, etc. This difference in solubility provides many conveniences for separation, extraction and the choice of reaction media. < Br >
In terms of density, 1,3-diiodobenzene has a higher density than water. If it is placed in the same place as water, it will sink to the bottom of the water, like a stone falling into the abyss. This density characteristic needs to be taken into account when it comes to practical operations such as liquid-liquid separation.

The physical properties of 1,3-diiodobenzene are of great significance in many fields such as organic synthesis and drug development. Its appearance, melting point, boiling point, solubility and density can provide insight into its behavior under different conditions, and then provide a solid foundation for related research and production.

What are the chemical properties of Benzene, 1,3-diodo-?

In 1,3-diiodobenzene, it is an organic compound. It has various chemical properties, which are described in detail below.

First, its electrophilic substitution reaction. The benzene ring is electron-rich and is often attacked by electrophilic reagents. In 1,3-diiodobenzene, the iodine atom is an ortho-para-site group. Although its electron-absorbing effect reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring slightly, the conjugation effect makes the ortho-para-site electron cloud density relatively high. Therefore, during the electrophilic substitution reaction, the new substituent mostly enters the ortho or para-site of the iodine atom. In case of nitrification, nitric acid is catalyzed by sulfuric acid to produce an electrophilic nitro-cation ($NO_2 ^ + $), which can attack the benzene ring and obtain the product of nitro substitution in the ortho or para-position of the iodine atom.

Re-discussion on the reduction reaction. The iodine atom of 1,3-diiodobenzene can be reduced and removed under suitable conditions. If the system composed of metallic zinc and acid is treated, the iodine atom is gradually replaced by hydrogen, and benzene or derivatives containing less iodine atoms can be obtained. This reaction can be used in organic synthesis to adjust the molecular structure and de-specific functional groups.

In addition, 1,3-diiodobenzene can participate in metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. Under the action of metal catalysts such as palladium and nickel, its iodine atoms can be coupled with organic reagents containing other functional groups to form carbon-carbon bonds or carbon-hetero bonds. For example, in the presence of alkali and palladium catalysts, it is coupled with compounds containing boric acid groups according to the Suzuki reaction mechanism to form products with new carbon-carbon bonds. This is widely used in the construction of complex organic molecules.

In addition, 1,3-diiodobenzene has a certain electronegativity of its iodine atom, and there can be weak interactions between molecules, which has an impact on the formation of crystal structures or solution aggregates, and is also indirectly related to its physical and chemical properties.

What are the main uses of Benzene, 1,3-diodo-?

1,3-Diiodobenzene is widely used in various chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

In the chemical industry, it is often a key raw material for the synthesis of special materials. In terms of organic synthesis, various chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution, metal catalytic coupling, etc. can be combined with other reagents to obtain organic compounds with specific structures and excellent properties. These compounds may be used to prepare advanced polymer materials, such as polymers with special photoelectric properties, and can be used in emerging technologies such as organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) and solar cells, contributing to the development of materials science.

In the pharmaceutical industry, 1,3-diiodobenzene also plays an important role. It is often used as a pharmaceutical intermediate and participates in the synthesis process of many drugs. The properties of its iodine atoms can affect the activity, solubility and bioavailability of drug molecules and other key properties. With ingenious chemical modification, 1,3-diiodobenzene can be used as the starting material to construct molecular structures with specific pharmacological activities, providing an important material basis for the development of new drugs, such as anti-cancer drugs and anti-infective drugs.

And because of the presence of iodine atoms in its structure, 1,3-diiodobenzene may also play a role in the preparation of some imaging-related drugs, helping to improve the clarity and accuracy of imaging, so that physicians can more accurately understand the internal conditions of the human body.

What are the synthesis methods of Benzene, 1,3-diodo-?

To prepare 1,3-diiodobenzene, there are three methods.

First, start with benzene and sulfonate it first. Make benzene and concentrated sulfuric acid co-heat to obtain benzenesulfonic acid. This step requires temperature control to prevent overreaction. Next, benzenesulfonic acid is co-heated with iodine and oxidants such as potassium nitrate, and the sulfonic acid group can be iodinated to obtain 1-iodobenzene sulfonic acid. After hydrolysis, the sulfonic acid group is removed, and the final product is 1-iodobenzene. Repeat the above sulfonation, iodoxy, and hydrolysis steps to obtain 1,3-diiodobenzene. However, this process is cumbersome and the yield is not very high.

Second, m-dinitrobenzene is By co-heating benzene with concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, m-dinitrobenzene can be obtained. After reduction, if iron and hydrochloric acid are used as reducing agents, the nitro group can be converted into an amino group to obtain m-phenylenediamine. M-phenylenediamine reacts with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperature to form diazonium salts. After co-heating with potassium iodide, the diazonium group is replaced by iodine to obtain 1,3-diiodobenzene. However, this involves diazotization reaction, which requires strict temperature control, otherwise it is prone to danger.

Third, use phenylboronic acid derivatives as raw materials. First, benzene reacts with butyl lithium, and then reacts with borate ester to obtain phenylboronic acid. Phenylboronic acid is co-heated with iodine and suitable catalysts such as pall This method is relatively simple, with good selectivity, relatively high yield, and mild reaction conditions, making it more commonly used today.