What is the Chinese name of this compound?
This compound is called ** artemisinin **.
Artemisinin is an antimalarial drug extracted from Artemisia annua by Chinese pharmacists Tu Youyou and others. Its structure is unique, containing a peroxygen bridge bond, and it is outstanding in malaria treatment. In the past, malaria was rampant, claiming countless lives, and traditional antimalarial drugs gradually became resistant, and the situation was critical.
Tu Youyou and other physicians read ancient books and found Artemisia annua. After repeated research and testing, artemisinin was obtained by low-temperature extraction. It has a significant effect on Plasmodium parasites, can quickly enter the parasite body, destroy its membrane structure and protein function, cause the death of Plasmodium parasites, and save countless people.
The discovery of artemisinin is a model of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine wisdom and modern technology. In ancient times, "Elbow Reserve Emergency Prescription" recorded "Artemisia annua is grasped, with two liters of water, wringing the juice, and taking it". This is the source of inspiration. Today's scientific researchers, inspired by ancient methods and analyzed with modern technology, eventually became artemisinin. The existence of this drug not only brings life to malaria patients, but also makes immortal contributions to the global anti-malaria cause. And the application of artemisinin and its derivatives continues to expand, and new gains have been made in the treatment of difficult diseases. It is actually a treasure bestowed by traditional Chinese medicine to the world and the prestige of Huaxia medicine.
What are the physical properties of this compound?
The physical nature of this compound is important, and it has the characteristics of its use. It has a specific color, or is bright or dull, depending on the composition and shape of the compound. Its shape is also diverse, or it is solid, or it is liquid, or it is flowing, or it is small.
If it is solid, its hardness is different, or it is hard like a rock, and it can withstand the force of the phase; or it is soft like a jade, easy to carve and shape. Melting is also one of its important physical properties. The melting of different compounds requires a high degree of difference, or it can melt, or it can melt in the vicinity of normal.
Liquid, its viscosity is easy to flow. Those with high viscosity will flow slowly, like thick water; those with low viscosity will flow freely, like clear water. In addition, the density of the liquid also determines its floating and sinking in other substances, which is very important for mixing and separation operations. Under
, its density cannot be ignored. If the density is small, it is easy to rise and float; if the density is high, it will sink. Those with good dispersion can quickly disperse in the air. The solubility of
compounds is also physical. In water, it may be soluble to form a clear solution; it may be soluble or even insoluble, and it will float or sink. In other solvents, there are also different solubility tables, which can be used for extraction, separation and reaction.
Furthermore, the physical properties of this compound are also physical. Those with good performance can flow in the pipeline; those with good performance can quickly reduce the amount, which is important for the fields of transportation and intersection.
In addition, the physical properties of this compound are diverse and complex, and the properties of each other can jointly shape its unique characteristics and lay the foundation for its use in multiple fields.
What are the chemical properties of this compound?
This compound has many chemical properties. It is active and can react with a variety of substances at room temperature. In case of strong acid, it can react violently, often accompanied by gas escape. Taking dilute sulfuric acid as an example, when mixed with it, bubbles emerge. This is because a component in the compound interacts with hydrogen ions in sulfuric acid to form gas products.
The compound also has specific reactivity to strong bases. In an alkaline environment, structural changes may occur or new compounds may be formed. For example, in a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide, the morphology of the compound can be observed to change gradually from the original morphology to another, which is the result of its interaction with hydroxide ions.
In terms of thermal stability, the compound is easily decomposed when heated. When a certain temperature is reached, it begins to decompose, releasing a variety of gases. When heated to a certain extent, it can be completely decomposed into several small molecule substances. This property indicates that its chemical structure is unstable under the action of heat, and its chemical bonds are easy to break.
It also has certain oxidizing or reducing properties. In a specific chemical reaction system, if it encounters a strong reducing agent, it can exhibit oxidizing properties, and it will be reduced by itself, and the valence will be reduced. On the contrary, when it encounters a strong oxidizing agent, it can exhibit reducing properties. If it is oxidized in a strong oxidizing system containing potassium permanganate, the compound will be oxidized, and its color and chemical properties will change.
In addition, the solubility of the compound in organic solvents is also one of its chemical properties. In some organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone, it has good solubility and can form a uniform solution; but in other solvents, it may have poor solubility or even insolubility. This difference in solubility has a great impact on its application in different chemical processes.
What fields is this compound used in?
This compound product has a wide range of uses and is involved in various fields.
In the realm of medicine, it can be used as medicine to treat various diseases. Or help the human body adjust the balance of yin and yang, replenish the deficiency of qi and blood, or remove evil and detoxify, and calm the inverse of the viscera. In case of the invasion of wind cold and summer dampness, and the disease of poor qi and blood, this compound product can be applied, or it can play a miraculous effect to make the sick body gradually recover.
It is also indispensable in the industry of Baigong. When smelting, adding this product can change the properties of metal, making it stronger and tougher, and suitable for building excellent equipment. To build a building palace, this compound is mixed between the mud, lime and masonry, which can increase the degree of adhesion, make the building stronger, and can withstand the erosion of wind and rain.
Furthermore, in the agricultural fields, this compound also has a wonderful use. Applied to the land, it can fertilize the soil and nurture the growth of seedlings. It can adjust the acid and alkali of the soil, make up for the lack of land power, so that the grain is abundant, and the fruits and vegetables are lush, so as to nourish the stomach of the people.
And in daily life, it is also common. When making incense, this compound is used as an ingredient to increase the mellow fragrance and last for a long time. The art of dyeing and weaving, with its attachment to help color, makes the fabric fresh and not easy to fade.
All in all, this compound is of great use in medicine, work, agriculture, and daily life, and it is an indispensable and important item in the world.
What are the methods for preparing this compound?
If you want to make a chemical compound, there are many methods, each of which is good at its own strengths, and listen to me one by one.
First, the method of chemical synthesis. This is to use various chemical raw materials to interact with each other according to their chemical properties and reaction laws. If you want to make an organic compound, you can make compounds with specific functional groups undergo reactions such as addition, substitution, and esterification at suitable temperatures, pressures, and catalysts, and gradually build the desired molecular structure. This process requires fine regulation of the reaction conditions. Due to high or low temperatures and deviations in the proportion of reactants, the direction of the reaction and the purity of the product may be affected. However, its advantage is that it can precisely design the molecular structure and prepare a large number of specific compounds, which is widely used in the modern pharmaceutical industry.
Second, the method of biological fermentation. With the help of the metabolic activities of microorganisms to prepare synthetic drugs. For example, many antibiotics are fermented by specific molds or bacteria. Microorganisms with capacity are placed in a nutrient-rich medium and cultured under suitable environmental conditions. During the growth and metabolism process, microorganisms will synthesize and secrete the required compounds. The beauty of this method is that microorganisms themselves are like miniature chemical reaction factories, which can synthesize complex compounds under mild conditions and are green and environmentally friendly. However, it is necessary to screen excellent strains and optimize the fermentation process to improve the yield and quality of the product.
Third, the method of natural extraction. Obtain synthetic drugs from natural animal, plant, mineral and other resources. Such as extracting alkaloids, flavonoids and other ingredients from plants. First, the plant raw materials are crushed, extracted and other pretreated, and then chromatographic separation, crystallization and other technologies are used to separate and purify the target compound from the complex mixture. The synthetic drugs obtained in this way often have unique biological activity and safety, because they are in line with the characteristics of nature. However, they are subject to the reserves and origin of natural resources, and the extraction process may be cumbersome and costly.
All these production methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Pharmacists should make careful choices or use them comprehensively according to the characteristics, required output, cost budget and quality requirements of the compound drug, in order to prepare high-quality compounds.
