What is the Chinese name of this compound?
This compound is called "** mercury **", which is a common chemical element. Its chemical symbol is "Hg". It is in the state of liquid metal at room temperature and pressure, and has applications in many fields.
Mercury is described in "Tiangong Kaiwu". "Tiangong Kaiwu" is a scientific and technological masterpiece written by Song Yingxing in the Ming Dynasty. The book explains the preparation, characteristics and uses of mercury.
The book states that the production of mercury is quite difficult. Its method is mostly extracted from cinnabar (mercury sulfide, HgS). The cinnabar is placed in a special container and roasted at high temperature. The cinnabar decomposes into mercury and sulfur dioxide. This process requires fine control of the heat and the tightness of the container. If there is a slight difference, mercury will easily evaporate and dissipate, and all previous efforts will be wasted.
The characteristics of mercury are also unique. It is a silver shiny liquid metal with excellent fluidity and high surface tension. It often gathers into round droplets, which are not easy to adhere to the surface of other objects. And the density of mercury is very high, about thirteen times that of water. When placed in water, it sinks to the bottom.
As for the use, mercury was mainly used in alchemy in ancient times. Many alchemists believed that mercury had magical effects and could make people immortal, so it was often used in large quantities in the process of alchemy. However, the world later knew that mercury and its compounds are many toxic, and long-term exposure or ingestion can cause serious damage to the human body. In addition, mercury is also used to make amalgam. Amalgam is an alloy formed of mercury and other metals. It was often used in the gilding process in ancient times. The amalgam was applied to the surface of metal utensils, and the mercury was evaporated after heating. The gold was left on the surface of the utensils to form a golden coating, making the utensils more beautiful and luxurious.
To sum up, although mercury is a common chemical element, it contains a lot of wisdom and mysteries in ancient times in terms of preparation, characteristic cognition and use. It also plays a role in the history of ancient Chinese science and technology development.
What are its physical properties?
A stone, it has all kinds of physical properties. The color is dark yellow, or red and white, the quality is firm and heavy, the knock is loud, and the clear is longer. Its shape is square or round, or like mountains and mountains, or like birds, with different postures.
Looking at its texture, it is delicate and consistent, like mountains and rivers, and like a list of stars, it is quite natural. Its firmness can withstand the invasion of wind and frost, and it will not be damaged over time; its weight, when placed in the palm of your hand, it feels solid.
And because of its dense material, it conducts heat very slowly. Under the hot sun, although it is placed for a long time, it is only slightly warm to touch; if it is placed in the cold night, it will be difficult to penetrate. And its conductivity is quite weak, and it can be used as an insulation choice for various electrical appliances.
As for its optical properties, it is also very interesting. Viewed in the light, there is a faint light flickering, looming, not like a bright pearl, but with a unique charm. Part of the stone body is translucent, light and shadow pass through, hazy like fog, creating a dreamy environment.
This stone can be used for construction, can be paved on the ground, can be built on the wall, sturdy and durable; in the art of carving, it can be turned into exquisite utensils for people to enjoy. Its physical properties are unique, and it is unique among all things in the world. It is really a treasure of nature.
What are its chemical properties?
The chemical properties of a substance are related to its characteristics and behavior in chemical reactions. In ancient Chinese, it is described in detail as follows.
First, flammability. This is the property of a substance that can react violently with oxygen and emit light and heat. Such as hydrocarbons, the genera of methane and ethane, in the air when it encounters an open flame, it can burn, turn into carbon dioxide and water, and release huge heat. "Combustible things burn when they encounter fire, emit bright light, and the heat follows. Hydrocarbons, when they encounter an open flame in the gas, burn, and turn into carbon dioxide and water, which is very hot." This property is crucial to life and industry, and is the basis for common energy sources.
Its oxidation. Substances with this property can obtain electrons in the reaction to oxidize others. Such as oxygen, a strong oxidant, often participates in many oxidation reactions. Iron rusts in humid air, that is, iron is oxidized by oxygen. "Those with oxidizing properties can obtain electrons to oxidize other things. Such as oxygen, a strong oxidizing agent is also often involved in various oxidation reactions. Iron rusts in wet air, because iron is oxidized by oxygen."
Third, reductivity. On the contrary to oxidation, substances with reducing properties lose electrons in the reaction, reducing others. Such as hydrogen, can reduce metal oxides. Reduce copper oxide with hydrogen, hydrogen loses electrons, and copper oxide gains electrons and is reduced to copper. "Reductive properties, the loss of electrons, the reduction of other things. Such as hydrogen, can reduce metal oxides. Reduce copper oxide with hydrogen, hydrogen loses electrons, and copper oxide gains electrons and returns to copper."
Fourth, acid and alkali. Acid, can release hydrogen ions in water, has the general nature of acid, such as can make litmus test solution turn red, react with alkali, metal oxides, etc. Base can release hydroxide ions in water, can make phenolphthalein test solution turn red, and also react with acids, non-metallic oxides, etc. " Acids can release hydrogen ions in water, and have the general property of acids, which can make litmus test solution turn red and react with alkalis and metal oxides. Bases can release hydroxide ions in water, which can make phenolphthalein test solution turn red, and also react with acids and non-metallic oxides. "
Fifth, stability. Refers to the fact that a substance is not prone to chemical reactions under certain conditions. Such as rare gases, because of its stable outer electronic structure, its chemical properties are stable and it is difficult to react with other substances." Stability means that under certain conditions, it is not easy to react chemically. Such as rare gases, because of their stable outer electronic structure, their chemical properties are stable and it is difficult to combine with other substances. "
These are the common chemical properties of substances, and only by understanding their properties can they be used well, which is of great benefit in the fields of production, life and scientific research.
What are the main applications of this compound?
This compound is mainly used in the following fields:
First, in the field of medicine, this compound may have key effects. Because medicine is related to human life, it needs delicate things. This compound may be the basis for the development of new drugs, helping doctors to make symptomatic drugs and cure patients' diseases. For example, in the search for drugs to fight difficult diseases, it may be able to interact with pathogens by virtue of its own unique properties, block pathogenic mechanisms, and bring vitality to patients.
Second, agriculture also has its uses. Today's agriculture pursues high efficiency and green, and this compound may be used to develop new pesticides or fertilizers. In terms of pesticides, they may be able to precisely target the characteristics of pests, effectively remove insects while reducing damage to the environment and crops, and are not easy to make pests resistant to pesticides; as fertilizers, they may be rich in nutrients required for crop growth, with unique chemical structures, to help crops better absorb, improve yield and quality.
Third, the field of materials science should not be underestimated. With the advancement of science and technology, the requirements for material properties are increasing. This compound may be used as a key component in the synthesis of special materials, giving materials unique properties. For example, materials with super toughness and corrosion resistance are synthesized for the manufacture of aerospace equipment, high-end electronic product shells, etc., so that they can work stably in harsh environments and prolong service life. Fourth, in chemical production, it is an important raw material. It can participate in many chemical reactions and produce various chemical products through a series of processes, such as high-performance plastics, rubber, etc., which are widely used in life and industry to meet people's daily and production needs.
How is it prepared?
The method of making a tool is quite exquisite. I have heard that there is a book in "Tiangong Kaiwu". Although it is a long time ago, the description of the craftsmanship still has considerable advantages.
To make this thing is also the first material to be selected. The material must be tough and pure. If it is based on good wood, it must have a fine texture, no knots and no scars, so that it can be used to a great extent. When taking wood, go with its nature and observe its yin and yang to the back, so that the properties of the material can be guaranteed.
After that, it is particularly exquisite in the work of chopping and carving. The craftsman handles the knife, and the heart and hand are in line, and the catty becomes the wind. First, chop with a large axe to define its outline and make it rough. Then refine with a small chisel to carve the texture, so that Where the line turns, it is tactful and smooth, without the slightest hindrance; where the edges and corners are clear, it is strong and powerful, without losing the law.
If it is a metal tool, it is necessary to smelt it. When melting ore, the heat must be precisely controlled. If the fire is small, the mineral is difficult to melt, and the impurities do not go; if the fire is large, the metal is vulnerable and the texture becomes brittle. To be melted into molten gold, pour it into the standard mold. The system of the standard mold also needs to be determined according to the shape of the tool, which is not bad. After cooling, polish it again until the surface is as smooth as a mirror and shines.
As for the art of painting, it should not be ignored. The paint must be selected with high quality. When applying, the layers should be uniform and the thickness should be appropriate. Each layer must wait for it to dry before applying another layer. In this way, the paint color can last for a long time, and it is shiny, both beautiful and protective.
All kinds of craftsmanship complement each other and are indispensable. Craftsmen can only make good products with their ingenuity and exquisite skills, which is the general method of making utensils.
