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What is the chemical structure of Benzoic Acid, 2-bromo-4-iodo-?
2-Bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid, looking at its name, we know that this is an organic compound. To understand its chemical structure, let me explain it in detail.
Benzoic acid is based on the benzene ring, and the carboxyl group (-COOH) is connected to it, which is the fundamental structure of benzoic acid. 2-Bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid is based on benzoic acid, adding bromine atom (-Br) at position 2 of the benzene ring and iodized atom (-I) at position 4.
The benzene ring is a six-membered ring structure with a unique conjugate system and is quite stable. Carboxyl group, acidic, can ionize hydrogen ions, so that the compound exhibits a certain acidity. As for bromine atoms and iodine atoms, they are both halogen atoms, and their introduction enriches the properties of the compound. The electronegativity of bromine atoms and iodine atoms affects the distribution of electron clouds in the benzene ring, which in turn changes the reactivity and physical properties of the compound.
In this way, the chemical structure of 2-bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid, with the benzene ring as the skeleton, is connected with carboxyl groups, bromine atoms and iodine atoms, and the various parts interact to form the structure of this unique organic compound.
What are the physical properties of Benzoic Acid, 2-bromo-4-iodo-?
2-Bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid is one of the organic compounds. It has specific physical properties and can be described in detail by me.
Looking at its properties, under normal temperature and pressure, this substance may be a solid. However, because there are halogen atoms such as bromine and iodine connected to the benzene ring, and there is a carboxyl group, its solid form may be slightly different from that of common benzoic acids, or because the halogen atoms affect the lattice arrangement, resulting in different crystal structures.
When it comes to the melting point, the introduction of bromine and iodine atoms increases the intermolecular force. Compared with benzoic acid, the melting point of 2-bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid should be increased. The electronegativity of the capped halogen atom is large, which enhances the polarity of the molecule and increases the attractive force between molecules. To destroy the lattice structure and make it melt, more energy is required, so the melting point rises.
In terms of solubility, it is slightly soluble in water. This is because the carboxyl group can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, while the benzene ring is a hydrophobic group. In addition, the bromine and iodine atoms increase the hydrophobicity of the molecule, resulting in poor solubility in water. In organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, etc., its solubility may be better due to the similar principle of miscibility. Both the capped organic solvent and the compound have a certain organic structure, and the intermolecular forces can interact, which is conducive to dissolution.
Then again, its density is higher than that of benzoic acid due to the large relative atomic weight of bromine and iodine atoms, which increases the molecular weight significantly. Under the same volume, the mass of 2-bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid is greater, which is reflected in the increase of density value.
The physical properties of 2-bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid are affected by bromine, iodine atoms and carboxyl groups. Compared with benzoic acid, it shows the characteristics of increased melting point, poor solubility in water, and increased density.
What are the main uses of Benzoic Acid, 2-bromo-4-iodo-?
2-Bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid has a wide range of uses. In the field of organic synthesis, it is often used as a key intermediate. Due to the activity of bromine and iodine atoms in its structure, it can introduce other functional groups or construct complex organic molecular structures through many chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution, coupling reactions, etc., paving the way for the creation of new drugs, fine chemicals and functional materials.
In the process of drug development, such compounds have potential biological activity. After structural modification and optimization, they may exhibit pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor, providing an important foundation for the exploration and development of new drugs.
In the field of materials science, it can be used to participate in the preparation of materials with special properties. After polymerization or compounding with other substances, it can endow materials with unique photoelectric, thermal and other properties, and has potential applications in electronic devices, optical materials and other fields.
Furthermore, in chemical research, as a typical organic compound, it can be used to explore the reaction mechanism, investigate the activity of chemical reagents and other basic research, helping to deepen the understanding of many reaction processes and laws in organic chemistry. In short, 2-bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid has great value and use in many scientific and industrial fields.
What are the synthesis methods of Benzoic Acid, 2-bromo-4-iodo-?
There are several common methods for preparing 2-bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid.
First, benzoic acid can be started. First, iodine substitutes, such as iodine and appropriate oxidants, are used to introduce iodine atoms at specific positions in the benzene ring of benzoic acid. Often iodine works synergistically with oxidants such as nitric acid. Nitric acid can help iodine ions to oxidize into positive iodine ions with higher activity, so that iodine can more easily replace hydrogen atoms in the benzene ring to obtain 4-iodobenzoic acid. Then, a brominated reagent, such as liquid bromine, is used with an appropriate catalyst, such as iron powder or iron tribromide, to carry out a brominated reaction. Bromine atoms are introduced at specific positions in the benzene ring of 4-iodobenzoic acid, and 2-bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid is obtained. In this path, each step of the reaction needs to pay attention to the precise control of the reaction conditions. Temperature and reagent dosage will significantly affect the selectivity and yield of the reaction products.
Second, toluene can be iodinated and brominated first. Using toluene as raw material, iodine atoms are introduced first, and then bromine atoms are introduced to obtain 2-bromo-4-iodotoluene. Subsequently, with suitable oxidation reagents, such as acidic potassium permanganate solution, the methyl of toluene is oxidized to a carboxyl group. In this process, the reaction conditions need to be strictly controlled to prevent excessive oxidation and damage to the product. After this step, 2-bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid can also be obtained.
Third, it can be started from phenol. First iodine phenol, then bromine, to obtain 2-bromo-4-iodophenol. Then, through a series of reactions, such as converting the phenolic hydroxyl group into a suitable leaving group, and then replacing it with a cyanyl group, after which the cyanyl group is hydrolyzed into a carboxyl group. Although there are many steps in this process, it is also one of the ways to synthesize 2-bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid. The connection between each step of the reaction and the purification of the intermediate product are crucial, which is related to the purity and yield of the final product.
Benzoic Acid, 2-bromo-4-iodo- What are the common types of reactions in chemical reactions?
The common reaction types of 2-bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid in chemical reactions are as follows:
1. ** Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction **:
- Its halogen atoms (bromine and iodine) can undergo nucleophilic substitution. Because the benzene ring carbon atoms connected to the halogen atoms are partially positively charged, the nucleophilic reagents are easy to attack. If it reacts with sodium alcohol, the oxygen anion acts as a nucleophilic reagent to replace the bromine or iodine atoms to generate corresponding ether compounds. In this process, the nucleophilic reagent provides an electron pair, and the halogen atom leaves with a pair of electrons, following the general mechanism of nucleophilic substitution.
2. ** Esterification reaction **:
- The carboxyl group of the benzoic acid part can undergo esterification reaction. When catalyzed with an alcohol in an acid, the hydroxyl group in the carboxyl group binds to the hydrogen of the alcohol to form water, and the rest is connected to form an ester. For example, when reacted with ethanol, under the condition of concentrated sulfuric acid catalysis and heating, ethyl 2-bromo-4-iodobenzoate is formed. This is the use of the acidity of the carboxyl group and the nucleophilicity of the alcohol hydroxyl group. Water is generated during the reaction, which is a typical esterification reaction characteristic.
3. ** Reduction reaction **:
- Halogen atoms (bromine and iodine) can be reduced. For example, under the action of some metals (such as zinc, etc.) and suitable solvent systems, bromine and iodine atoms can be reduced to hydrogen atoms, thereby obtaining analogues of benzoic acid, that is, the product where bromine and iodine are replaced by hydrogen on the benzene ring. In this process, the metal provides electrons, so that the halogen atom can be converted into halogen ions and separated from the benzene ring.
4. ** Electrophilic Substitution Reaction on the Aromatic Ring **:
-Although the benzene ring has bromine and iodine electron-absorbing groups, electrophilic substitution can still occur. Because the benzene ring has a large π bond, it has a certain electron cloud density. Electrophilic reagents attack the benzene ring and can introduce new groups on the benzene ring. For example, when reacted with iron bromide and bromine under the action of a suitable catalyst, bromine cation as an electrophilic reagent can undergo electrophilic substitution at the unsubstituted position of the benzene ring to generate polybrominated 2-bromo-4-iodobenzoic acid derivatives.
