Benzoic Acid, 3-chloro-5-iodo-

3-Bromo-5-chlorobenzoic acid is an organic compound with many chemical properties, as detailed below:
1. ** Acidic **: This compound contains a carboxyl group (-COOH). Due to the strong electronegativity of oxygen atoms in the carboxyl group, the hydrogen-oxygen bond electron cloud is biased towards oxygen, and hydrogen is easily dissociated in the form of protons, so it is acidic. It can partially ionize hydrogen ions in water and neutralize with bases. For example, when reacting with sodium hydroxide, the hydrogen in the carboxyl group combines with the hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide to form water to form the corresponding carboxylate and water. The reaction formula is: 3-bromo-5-chlorobenzoic acid + NaOH → 3-bromo-5-chlorobenzoate sodium + H2O O.
2. ** Halogen atomic properties **: The molecule contains bromine atoms and chlorine atoms, and the halogen atom activity enables the compound to participate in a variety of reactions. In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the electron cloud density of the benzene ring decreases due to the electron-withdrawing action of the halogen atom, and the halogen atom can be used as the leaving group. For example, when reacting with sodium alcohol, halogen atoms can be replaced by alkoxy groups to generate corresponding ether compounds; when reacting with ammonia or amine, nitrogen-containing derivatives can be formed.
3. ** Reaction of benzene ring **: The benzene ring is aromatic and can undergo electrophilic substitution reaction. Although bromine, chlorine and carboxyl groups are all electron-absorbing groups, the electron cloud density of the benzene ring is reduced, and the reactivity is weaker than that of benzene, it can still react under appropriate conditions. For example, a nitration reaction occurs, and the nitro group replaces the hydrogen atom on the benzene ring; a sulfonation reaction occurs, and the sulfonic acid group is introduced into the benzene ring. And the localization effect of the carboxyl group and the halogen atom will affect the position of the substituent into the benzene ring. The carboxyl group and ** Redox properties **: In theory, in the case of strong oxidants, some groups in the molecule may be oxidized. However, 3-bromo-5-chlorobenzoic acid is relatively stable and is not easily oxidized under ordinary conditions. In case of suitable reducing agents, halogen atoms may be reduced to remove, or carboxyl groups may be reduced to other functional groups, such as alcohol hydroxyl groups, but specific reducing reagents and reaction conditions are required.

3-% -5-chlorobenzoic acid, is a chemical compound. It has several physical properties.
First of all, its appearance is often white to light-colored crystalline powder. In addition, its characteristics are easy for the naked eye. In the laboratory or work environment, it can be used to determine the performance of this preliminary material.

and the melting temperature, its melting temperature is between 133 and 137 ° C. The melting phase is fixed, and this property is very important for the determination of the material. It is necessary to determine whether an unknown substance is composed of 3-% -5-chlorobenzoic acid. It can be measured for its melting. If this does not match, it can provide a strong basis for the determination. However, in general, under a specific force, it shows the degree of boiling of the phase, which is the boundary of the phase from the liquid phase.
In terms of solubility, 3-% -5-chlorobenzoic acid is slightly soluble in water. Water is the most common solubility, and this solubility indicates that the action of water molecules is weak. However, it is soluble in partially soluble water, such as ethanol, ether, etc. This property has a useful value in the fields of chemical synthesis, fractionation and extraction. For example, in chemical synthesis, its solubility in soluble water can be used to extract and separate water from the reverse mixture for the purpose of extraction.
Density is also one of the important physical properties. Its density value varies slightly depending on the measurement value, but it is roughly equal to a certain value. This property is of great significance when it comes to liquid mixing, material storage, etc., and can help to understand the reasonable operation process and storage method of phase.
Therefore, the physical rationality of 3-%-5-chlorobenzoic acid, its external properties, melting and boiling properties, solubility to density, etc., are all used in chemical research, engineering and other fields to lay the foundation. Scientific researchers need to be familiar with these properties in order to be more effective in this field.

3-Bromo-5-chlorobenzoic acid, the genus of this medicinal stone, has a wide range of uses and is useful in various fields.
First and foremost in the field of medicine. It is a key organic synthesis raw material and can be used to create a variety of drugs. In the development of antibacterial drugs, with its unique chemical structure and delicate synthesis path, it may be able to create highly effective inhibitors and killers of specific bacteria. It also plays an important role in the research and development of anti-tumor drugs, helping scientists explore new anti-cancer agents and providing possibilities for conquering cancer diseases.
Subsurface Materials Science. In the synthesis of polymer materials, 3-bromo-5-chlorobenzoic acid can be used as a functional monomer. Through clever polymerization, materials can be endowed with special thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties, or unique optical properties. For example, when preparing high-performance engineering plastics, the introduction of this substance can improve the temperature resistance and anti-aging ability of plastics, making them more suitable for extreme environments.
Furthermore, it is also indispensable in the field of pesticides. With this as a starting material, pesticides with high insecticidal and bactericidal properties can be synthesized. Such pesticides may have significant control effects on specific crop pests and pathogens, and may have lower toxicity and better environmental compatibility than traditional pesticides, contributing to the sustainable development of agriculture.
In the field of fine chemicals, it is often an important intermediate for the synthesis of special fragrances and dyes. With its chemical activity, dyes with novel structure, bright color and good stability can be constructed, or fragrances with unique aroma and durability can meet the market demand for high-end fine chemicals.

To prepare 3-bromo-5-chlorobenzoic acid, the following method can be followed.
First, an appropriate amount of toluene is taken, and chlorine is used as a halogenating agent. Under the condition of light, the chlorine atom replaces the hydrogen atom on the toluene methyl group to form benzyl chloride. This reaction uses light to initiate a free radical reaction, and the benzyl radical is relatively stable, so the chlorine atom preferentially replaces the hydrogen at the benzyl position.
After the benzyl chloride is obtained, it reacts with sodium bromide and hydrogen peroxide in an acidic medium. Hydrogen peroxide acts as an oxidizing agent to oxidize bromine ions into bromine elemental substances, and then undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction with benzyl chloride, and bromine atoms are Due to the fact that benzyl is an ortho-para-site group and the influence of factors such as steric hindrance, bromine atoms mainly enter the meta-site of benzyl, that is, 3-bromobenzyl chloride is obtained.
Then, 3-bromobenzyl chloride is hydrolyzed under basic conditions to convert chloromethyl to carboxyl. An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide can be selected. Under heating conditions, the halogenated hydrocarbon undergoes hydrolysis reaction, and the chlorine atom is replaced by a hydroxyl group, which dehydrates the adjacent hydrogen to form a carboxyl group, resulting in 3-bromobenzoic acid.
Finally, 3-bromobenzoic acid is used as a raw material and reacts with chlorine in the presence of a suitable catalyst such as iron or ferric chloride. Because the carboxyl group is the meta-site locator, the bromine atom is also the o-para-site locator, and the two work together to make the chlorine atom mainly enter the meta-site of the bromine atom and the meta-site of the carboxyl group, that is, the 3-bromo-5-chlorobenzoic acid is successfully prepared.
In this series of reactions, the conditions of each step need to be precisely controlled, and the proportion of reactants should also be properly prepared, so that the target product 3-bromo-5-chlorobenzoic acid can be prepared in a higher yield.

3-Hydroxy-5-carboxylpyridinecarboxylic acid, this is a rather special chemical substance. Its market price is determined by many factors, just like a changing situation.
The first to bear the brunt is the cost of raw materials. To make this substance, the price fluctuations of the raw materials required have a profound impact on its final selling price. If raw materials are scarce or difficult to obtain, the price will rise.
Furthermore, the simplicity of the preparation process is also crucial. If the preparation process requires multiple complex processes and strict technical and equipment requirements, the production cost will increase significantly, and the market price will also rise.
The market supply and demand situation is also key. If there is a strong demand for this substance in the fields of medicine, chemical industry, etc., but the supply is relatively limited, following the principle that rare is expensive, the price will remain high; on the contrary, if the market is oversupplied, the price will easily go downhill.
In addition, the scale of production also has an impact. In large-scale production, due to the scale effect, the unit cost may be reduced, and the price may be more affordable; in small-scale production, the cost is difficult to drop, and the price is naturally higher.
As far as I know, the current market price of 3-hydroxy-5-carboxypyridinecarboxylic acid may be between [X] yuan/kg and [X] yuan/kg. However, this is only a general range, and the actual price still depends on the manufacturer, quality and market situation at the time of the specific transaction. If you want to know the exact price, you can consult the relevant chemical product suppliers in detail, or explore on the professional chemical trading platform.