Benzoic Acid 4 Bromo 3 Iodo

Borax, also known as moonstone, has unique chemical properties and is quite wonderful. Borax is a crystalline hydrate of sodium tetraborate. It is usually colorless and translucent crystals or white powder in appearance, and can be slowly weathered in air.
The chemical properties of borax, its aqueous solution is weakly alkaline. This is because of its hydrolysis, borate ions will combine with hydrogen ions ionized by water, resulting in a relative increase in the concentration of hydroxide ions, so it appears alkaline. This property makes it useful in many fields.
Furthermore, borax is easily decomposed when heated. When heated, borax will gradually lose its crystal water and then decompose into boron oxide and other substances. This decomposition process is often accompanied by changes in morphology and properties.
Borax can also react with acids. In the case of strong acids, borate ions will combine with hydrogen ions to form boric acid. Boric acid is less acidic, and this reaction also reflects the salt properties of borax.
In ancient times, although cognitive means were limited, the ancestors also understood some of the characteristics of borax. In traditional processes such as ceramic firing and metal smelting, borax is often used as a flux. It can reduce the melting point of substances, making the raw materials easier to melt, thereby improving the quality of the process. The principle of this application depends on the chemical properties of borax such as thermal decomposition and interaction with other substances.
Borax also has a place in the printing and dyeing industry and can be used as a mordant. It can help dyes better adhere to fabrics, which is also related to the chemical activity of borax, or by chemical interaction with dyes and fabric components, to achieve the effect of mordant dyeing.
Although the ancient people's understanding of the chemical properties of borax was not as detailed and accurate as today, they could make good use of its characteristics in practice, which shows the extraordinary wisdom of the ancients, laying a solid foundation for the in-depth research and wide application of borax in later generations.

Borax is the common name of sodium tetraborate. Its crystals are usually plate-like or columnar, and the aggregate is granular, soil-like or skin-shell-like. The physical properties of borax are quite unique, with the following numbers:
First, color and luster. Pure borax is mostly colorless and transparent, but when it contains impurities, it can be white, yellow, blue, green and other colors. Its surface is glassy and translucent like glass, which is quite beautiful.
Second, hardness and cleavage. Borax has a low hardness, with a Mohs hardness of about 2-2.5. The texture is relatively soft, and scratches can be left on its surface with fingernails. And borax has good cleavage, and can be split into flat sheets along the cleavage surface.
Third, density and specific gravity. The density of borax is moderate, about 1.69 - 1.72g/cm ³. When you hold it in your hand, you can feel that its weight is not too heavy or light.
Fourth, solubility. Borax is easily soluble in water and has a higher solubility in hot water. When borax is placed in water, it will gradually dissolve and form a colorless solution soon. This property makes it valuable in many chemical and daily life applications.
Fifth, melting point. Borax has a low melting point of about 741 ° C. Under heating conditions, borax will first lose its crystalline water and then melt into a transparent glassy substance. This property makes it widely used in metallurgy, glass manufacturing and other fields. It can be used as a flux to reduce the melting point and promote the reaction.

To prepare 3-bromobenzoic acid, the following method can be used.
First, toluene is taken, and iron bromide is used as a catalyst to make it substitution reaction with bromine. In this reaction, the bromine atom is affected by methyl and mainly replaces the hydrogen atoms at the o-methyl and para-methyl positions on the benzene ring, and a mixture of o-bromotoluene and p-bromotoluene can be obtained. Due to the different boiling points of the two, it can be separated by distillation to obtain pure p-bromotoluene.
Then, p-bromotoluene is oxidized. Using an acidic potassium permanganate solution as an oxidant, the methyl group in p-bromotoluene can be oxidized to a carboxyl group, thereby obtaining 3-bromobenzoic acid. In this process, methyl is affected by the benzene ring, and its activity is enhanced The bromine atom is relatively stable under this oxidation condition, and does not change significantly, which can ensure the formation of the target product.
Or benzoic acid can be used as the starting material first. The benzene ring of benzoic acid belongs to the meta-localization group due to the action of the carboxyl group. At this time, iron bromide is used to catalyze the substitution reaction with bromine, and the bromine atom mainly replaces the hydrogen atom of the meta-site of the benzene ring, and 3-bromobenzoic acid can be directly obtained. However, attention should be paid to the control of the reaction conditions to ensure that the reaction is carried out moderately, and the carboxyl group is not unduly affected by other side reactions during the reaction to ensure the purity and yield of the product. In this way,

Boron chemistries are also important in many fields.
First, in the field of synthesis, boron chemistries are often used as raw materials. If you want to replace the original alcohol with carbonyl compounds such as aldodes and ketones, boron chemistries can be used to great effect. Its inverse components are integrated, and the operation is also convenient. Among the carbonyl groups of aldodes and ketones, the carbonyl group is oxy, and the carbonyl group in boron chemistries can attack the carbonyl carbon, so that the carbonyl group is cracked, and the carbonyl group is the original group, so that the alcohol can be obtained. This inverse is very important in the synthesis of chemical substances, flavors, etc., and can provide an effective way for the synthesis of many chemical compounds.
Second, in the manufacturing process, boron chemistries are also indispensable. It can be used in chemical engineering and other applications. Adding boron to the chemical solution can cause the boron to be deposited on the surface of the substrate to form a uniform density. This product has good resistance, wear resistance and other properties, and can be widely used in mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, etc., to improve the surface properties of gold products.
Third, in the field of analysis, boron can be used for the analysis of certain elements. For example, in atomic absorption light analysis, boron can be used to reduce some gold elements and improve the sensitivity of analysis. Taking the arsenic element as an example, boronide can be used to synthesize arsenic in solution. This method can be introduced into atomic absorption light, which can determine the content of arsenic in products. Fourth, in terms of new energy materials, boride can also be used. It can be used as a research image for materials. Boron has a high content and can be released under certain conditions. It is expected to become an important material that has not yet been stored. It can provide new ideas for solutions.

In the land of commerce, there is a name turmeric, and its price is related to many reasons.
Looking at its quality, the high-quality one has a positive color and mellow taste, and the texture is delicate, and its price is high; if the quality is inferior, the color is dark and the taste is mixed, and the price is low. This is the basis of quality as the price, which cannot be ignored.
Furthermore, the state of supply and demand determines its price. When there are many people who need turmeric, but the market is short of goods, the price will rise; if the product is abundant and the demand is rare, the price will drop. In case of an epidemic, people seek turmeric for health, and its demand will increase greatly, and the price will also increase.
The difference in origin also affects its value. Compared with the famous place of origin, the quality of turmeric produced in the famous place of origin is excellent because of its different water, soil and climate, and the price is often higher than elsewhere.
The change of time and day has a deep impact on the price of turmeric. Droughts and floods, frost and snow damage, resulting in a reduction in output, and the price rises; in a year of good weather, the price is stable when the production is abundant.
People work for it, and it can also make the price move. Merchants hoarding goods is strange, and the market goods are reduced, and the price can rise sharply; or they compete to sell, and the goods are flooded in the market, and the price must go down.
And the rules of trade and the system of taxation are all related to the price. If the tax increases, the cost of the merchant will increase, and the price will be higher. Trade is smooth, without many obstacles, the cost will decrease, and the price will stabilize.
Therefore, the market price of turmeric is not static. It is interacted by various factors such as quality, supply and demand, origin, weather, human beings, regulations, etc., and it is high and low. Both merchants and seekers should carefully observe their situation to respond to changes in market prices.