Benzonitrile, 2-chloro-5-iodo-

The chemical properties of this substance, 2-alkane-5-bromoacetamide, are quite important. Let me explain in detail for you.
From the perspective of its structure, this compound contains a bromine atom and an amide group. Bromine atoms have active chemical properties and are prone to participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions due to their high electronegativity. When encountering nucleophilic reagents, bromine atoms can be replaced to form new organic compounds. This reaction is widely used in the field of organic synthesis. It can be used to introduce different functional groups and expand the variety of compounds.
Furthermore, amide groups also have unique chemical properties. There are solitary pairs of electrons on the nitrogen atom of the amide. Although the alkalinity is weak, it can still interact with the acid under certain conditions to form salts. At the same time, the amide bond is relatively stable, but under the condition of strong acid or strong base and heating, hydrolysis can occur. When acidic hydrolysis, carboxylic acids and ammonium salts are formed; when basic hydrolysis, carboxylic salts and ammonia or amines are obtained.
In addition, in 2-alkane-5-bromoacetamide, the alkane part also affects its physical and chemical properties. Longer carbon chains can increase the hydrophobicity of compounds and affect their solubility in different solvents. And the existence of carbon chains can have a certain effect on the reactivity of bromine atoms and amide groups through electronic effects.
In summary, the chemical properties of 2-alkane-5-bromoacetamide are determined by the bromine atom, amide group and alkane part contained in it, which make it have potential application value in many fields such as organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.

Mercury sand, that is, cinnabar, has many main uses. "Tiangong Kaiwu" states: "Dansha (cinnabar) grows deep in the mountains and cliffs, and the natives pick it up. The hole is ten or dozens of feet, and the seedlings are obtained when you see it."
One of them can be used for medicinal purposes. Ancient physicians believed that mercury sand was slightly cold, sweet in taste, poisonous, and had the effect of clearing the heart, calming the mind, and detoxifying the mind. The "Shennong Materia Medica" lists it as the top grade, saying that it is "the main body has five hidden diseases, nourishing the spirit, calming the soul, nourishing qi, and improving the eyesight". Among many ancient prescriptions, mercury sand is often used to treat heart palpitations, easy to shock, insomnia and dreaminess, mania, children's convulsions, dim vision, mouth sores, laryngeal paralysis, For example, Angong Niuhuang Pills, which use mercury sand as an important ingredient, have a good effect on critical and serious diseases such as hot topic dizziness.
Second, it has a significant position in the field of alchemy. The ancients were keen on alchemy for immortality or refining medicinal pills to improve their skills. Mercury sand has become an important raw material for alchemy because of its mercury content. Ge Hong's "Baopuzi Jindan" records many alchemy formulas, and mercury sand is often the key. Alchemists believe that through a special refining process, mercury sand can be converted into magical medicinal pills. However, due to the toxicity of mercury, many medicinal pills can cause damage to the human body after taking them.
Third, it is used for pigment production. The color of mercury sand is bright red and bright, and the chemical properties are relatively stable, and it is not easy to fade. Ancient paintings, lacquer ware, ceramic decoration, architectural paintings, etc. are all used as pigments. For example, the murals of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, after thousands of years, some red pigments are still bright and dazzling, and mercury sand is indispensable. In the production of ancient lacquer ware, the use of mercury sand to adjust the color can make the lacquer ware appear noble and gorgeous red, which is very popular among dignitaries.

There are several methods for the synthesis of 5-bromopentanoic acid:
First, glutaric anhydride is used as the starting material. Glutaric anhydride is reduced by lithium aluminum hydride to obtain pentanediol. The pentanediol is then substituted with hydrobromic acid, and the hydroxyl group is replaced by a bromine atom to obtain 5-bromopentanol. Subsequently, 5-bromopentanol is oxidized by an appropriate oxidant, such as Jones reagent, and the hydroxyl group is converted to a carboxyl group to obtain 5-bromopentanoic acid. This approach is relatively clear, but the price of lithium aluminum hydride is quite high, and the reaction operation requires a strict anhydrous environment, which requires harsh reaction conditions.
Second, cyclopentene is Cyclopentene and bromine undergo an addition reaction to generate 1,2-dibromocyclopentane. 1,2-dibromocyclopentane undergoes an elimination reaction under the action of strong bases, such as sodium hydroxide alcohol solution, to produce cyclopentyne. Cyclopentyne is hydrocarboxylated with carbon monoxide and water under the catalysis of suitable catalysts, such as cobalt carbonyl, to obtain 5-bromovaleric acid. This route involves alkyne-related reactions, which are difficult to control conditions, and some reagents are highly toxic, which requires high experimental safety.
Third, 4-pentenoic acid is used as raw material. In the presence of peroxide, 4-pentenoic acid and hydrogen bromide undergo an anti-martensitic addition reaction, and the bromine atom is added to the end of the double bond to generate 5-bromovaleric acid. This method is simple in steps, the reaction conditions are relatively mild, and the peroxide is relatively easy to obtain. It is more commonly used in the synthesis of 5-bromovaleric acid. However, attention should be paid to the safe storage and use of peroxides, because it has certain dangers.

Mercury is a highly toxic substance, and cinnabar is a sulfide of mercury. Be careful when storing and transporting it.
When storing cinnabar, the first thing to weigh is its utensils. It should be stored in an airtight porcelain jar or glass bottle to prevent it from leaking out and causing mercury to escape. The place where it is placed must be dry, cool, and protected from direct sunlight. Exposure to sunlight may cause the nature of cinnabar to change, and mercury is also prone to escape due to heat. Furthermore, keep away from the reach of children and livestock. Children are ignorant, or they accidentally touch and eat by mistake; livestock are unintentional, or cause it to scatter, which will lead to disaster.
As for transporting cinnabar, it should be properly wrapped first. Wrap it in thick paper or soft cloth, and protect it layer by layer to prevent it from colliding and breaking on the road. When transporting, choose a safe method. The car should be slow to avoid bumps and vibrations. If it is transported by boat, it should also be prevented from sliding and colliding in the cabin. The escort must be familiar with its nature and know its risks. If there is a sign of leakage, cover it with sulfur powder as soon as possible. Sulfur and mercury are easy to combine to form stable mercury sulfide, which can reduce its harm. And quickly clear the scene, so as not to spread mercury pollution widely. Everyone should also stay away to prevent inhalation of mercury gas and poisoning. In short, cinnabar storage and transportation are related to life and the environment, and must not be slack at all, and must be treated with all measures.

In today's world, things are straight in the market, and they often change with various conditions. As for the market price of brine sand and borax methyl ether, it is difficult to have a definite number. However, according to the rumors of the people and merchants, it can be roughly generalized.
The use of brine sand is quite wide, and it is needed in the pharmaceutical, chemical and other industries. Its texture and purity are different, and the price is also different. In today's market, if the ordinary purity of brine sand, the price per catty, or between tens of dollars to more than a hundred dollars. If it is high purity and refined, the price is higher, or up to hundreds of dollars a catty.
Borax methyl ether is a commonly used chemical material, its preparation is not easy, and the required raw materials and processes are exquisite. The market price also depends on the quality and supply and demand. Ordinary borax methyl ether, the value per catty, or around 100 yuan. If the quality is high, suitable for high-end use, the price may be as high as two or three hundred yuan per catty.
However, these are all approximate numbers. The market conditions change, the state of supply and demand, the abundance of the place of origin, and the change of current events can all make the price rise and fall. Therefore, if you want to know the exact price, you need to consult the market in detail and discuss it in detail with various merchants before you can get a near-real price.