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What is the chemical structure of Cis-diamminediiodoplatinum (ii)?
The chemical structure of cis-diaminodiiodiiodide platinum (II) is particularly important, which is related to many chemical reactions and properties. In this compound, platinum (II) occupies the central position, and is the core of the structure with its unique electronic configuration and coordination ability.
Platinum (II) is surrounded by diamine molecules and diiodide ions. Ammonia molecules form a coordination bond with platinum (II) with the lone pair of electrons of the nitrogen atom. The electronegativity of nitrogen is moderate, and its lone pair electrons can stably combine with the empty orbit of platinum (II). Ammonia molecules are neutral. In this coordination structure, it is the ligand of electron-giving, and has a significant impact on the distribution of electron clouds around platinum (II).
And diiodine ions are also coordinated to platinum (II). Iodine ions have a larger radius, although their electronegativity is slightly weaker than that of nitrogen, but they can provide electron pairs to bond with platinum (II). The coordination of iodine ions not only changes the spatial structure around platinum (II), but also affects the electronic properties of the entire compound.
In this cis-structure, ammonia molecules and iodine ions are arranged in spatial order. The cis-configuration gives the compound a specific spatial orientation, which has a significant impact on its physical and chemical properties. For example, in some chemical reactions, the cis-structure is more active than the trans-structure, because its spatial arrangement makes it easier for the reactants to approach the central platinum atom, thereby promoting the reaction. Due to its structural characteristics, it is also different from trans or other isomers in terms of optical properties.
Cis-diamminediiodoplatinum (ii) What are the main physical properties?
Cis-diaminodiiodine platinum (II) is an important coordination compound of platinum. It has the following main physical properties:
- ** Appearance properties **: It is often solid, white in color, fine in quality as powder, pure in appearance, and smooth to the touch.
- ** Solubility **: It is difficult to dissolve in water because of its tight molecular structure and weak interaction with water molecules. However, in some organic solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), it can show some solubility. This property is of great significance in the fields of organic synthesis and drug development.
- ** Melting point and boiling point **: The melting point is high, about 200-250 ° C. A higher temperature is required to break its lattice energy and cause it to melt. This high melting point is due to the strong coordination bonds and molecular interactions between platinum and ligands. Boiling point data are rare due to decomposition, because they often decompose into other substances before reaching the boiling point.
- ** Density **: The density is relatively high, about 4-5 g/cm ³. Due to the large relative atomic mass of platinum atoms and the compact molecular structure, the unit volume mass is quite high.
- ** Stability **: At room temperature and pressure, the stability is good. In case of strong acids, strong bases or strong oxidants, the structure can be destroyed. Under light or heating conditions, decomposition or structural changes may also be triggered. This stability feature requires special attention to environmental factors during storage and use.
Cis-diamminediiodoplatinum (ii) In what areas?
Cis-diaminodiiodoplatinum (II) has its uses in various fields.
In the medical system, this compound is often involved in anti-cancer techniques. It can interact with the DNA of cancer cells, prevent their replication and transcription, and inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, so it is used in the treatment of tumors. This medicine is a powerful tool for doctors to save patients and save them from danger.
In the field of materials science, cis-diaminodiiodoplatinum (II) can also be used. Due to its unique chemical structure and properties, it may be used to prepare specific functional materials. For example, it may help to develop new electronic materials, endowing them with unique electrical and optical properties, and adding ink to the new chapter of materials.
Furthermore, in the field of chemical research, it is an important chemical reagent. Chemists use it to explore the mechanism of chemical reactions and synthesize new compounds. Observe the wonders of their reactions, explore the subtleties of chemistry, and help the academic community to gain new knowledge in the library of chemical knowledge and promote the advancement of chemistry.
Therefore, cis-diaminodiiodoplatinum (II) has extraordinary applications in many fields such as medicine, materials, and chemical research, and is a substance that cannot be ignored.
What is the method for preparing Cis-diamminediiodoplatinum (ii)?
The method of preparing cis-diaminodiiodoplatinum (II), although not detailed in ancient books, can be deduced according to today's chemical principles.
First take potassium chloroplatinate ($K_2PtCl_4 $) and dissolve it in an appropriate amount of water to prepare a solution. This potassium chloroplatinate is a common compound of platinum and can dissociate platinum (II) ions in water.
Take another ammonia ($NH_3\ cdot H_2O $) and slowly drop it into the above potassium chloroplatinate solution. The coordination reaction between ammonia and platinum (II) ions can occur to form cis-diaminodifluoroplatinum (II) precipitation. The reaction is as follows: $K_2PtCl_4 + 2NH_3\ cdot H_2O\ longrightarrow cis - [Pt (NH_3) _2Cl_2]\ downarrow + 2KCl + 2H_2O $. The resulting cis-diaminodichloroplatinum (II) is a pale yellow precipitate, which is filtered and separated to obtain a pure precipitate.
The precipitate is then mixed with potassium iodide ($KI $) solution. The iodine ion ($I ^ - $) in potassium iodide can exchange with the chloride ion ($Cl ^ - $) in cis-diaminodichloroplatinum (II). Because the coordination ability of iodine ion and platinum (II) is stronger than that of chloride ion, chloride ion is replaced by iodine ion, and then cis-diaminodiiodoplatinum (II) is formed. The reaction formula is: $cis - [Pt (NH_3) _2Cl_2] + 2KI\ longrightarrow cis - [Pt (NH_3) _2I_2] + 2KCl $.
After the reaction is completed, through cooling, crystallization, filtration, washing and other steps, pure cis-diaminodiiodoplatinum (II) crystals can be obtained. During the whole preparation process, attention should be paid to the control of reaction conditions, such as temperature, ratio of reactants, etc., so that the preparation can proceed smoothly and the product with higher yield and purity can be obtained.
What is the stability of Cis-diamminediiodoplatinum (ii)?
The stability of cis-diaminodiiodine combined with platinum (II) depends on many factors. The structure and cis-state of this compound give it unique properties. Among them, ammonia and iodine ligands surround the central atom of platinum, and the two interact to maintain the molecular structure.
The strength of the coordination bond is crucial. The nitrogen atom in ammonia coordinates with platinum (II) in a lone pair of electrons, and iodine also bonds in a similar way. The strength of these coordination bonds depends on the ability of the ligand to give electrons and the tendency of the central ion to accept electrons. Ammonia has moderate electron-giving ability. Although iodine is slightly weaker, the two coordinate to stabilize the structure of the complex.
Furthermore, the spatial effect cannot be ignored. In the cis-structure, the spatial distribution of ammonia and iodine makes the molecular internal stress in a specific state. If the spatial arrangement is appropriate, the intramolecular mutual repulsion can be reduced and the stability can be improved; conversely, it is easy to cause structural distortion and damage its stability.
Environmental factors, such as temperature and solvent, also affect its stability. At high temperatures, the thermal motion of molecules intensifies, the coordination bonds are weakened or impacted, and the stability is reduced. Different solvents will also change their stability due to their different interactions with complexes. In some polar solvents, the interaction between solvent molecules and complexes may enhance their stability; in non-polar solvents, the situation may be reversed.
Overall, the stability of cis-diaminodiiodoplatinum (II) is the result of a combination of structure, coordination bonds, spatial effects and environmental factors. To further explore its stability, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the interaction of various factors.