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What is the main function of L-3,5,3 ', 5' -tetraiodothyronine?
L-3,5,3 ', 5' -tetraiodothyronine, also known as thyroxine (T4), is a key hormone secreted by the human thyroid gland, and its function is of paramount importance.
First, it can promote growth and development. In the embryo and larval stage, this hormone has a profound impact on the development of the nervous system. If there is a lack of thyroxine secretion in the embryo or early childhood, the development of the nervous system will be hindered, resulting in mental retardation and short stature. This condition is called nerd. And thyroxine also promotes bone growth, which can help osteoblast activity and promote bone growth and maturation.
Second, it can improve the basal metabolic rate. Thyroxine can act on most tissue cells in the body, increase the rate of cell oxidation and increase heat production. It can enhance the activity of sodium-potassium pump, accelerate the hydrolysis of ATP, release energy, and then improve the body's basal metabolic rate. In this way, the body's catabolism of nutrients such as sugar, fat and protein will also be accelerated to meet the increased energy requirements due to the increase in metabolic rate.
Third, it has the function of regulating the nervous system. Thyroxine is indispensable for maintaining the normal excitability of the nervous system. An appropriate amount of thyroxine can make people full of energy and quick to respond. If thyroxine is secreted too much, the excitability of the nervous system increases, and people are prone to symptoms such as restlessness and insomnia; if it is secreted too little, the excitability decreases, and people will show drowsiness and mental weakness.
Fourth, it also affects the cardiovascular system. Thyroxine can enhance myocardial contractility, accelerate heart rate, and increase cardiac output. When thyroxine secretion increases, the heart's work increases to meet the body's metabolic enhancement needs; if secretion decreases, cardiac activity will weaken.
What is the normal level of L-3,5,3 ', 5' -tetraiodothyronine in the human body?
The normal level of L-3,5,3 ', 5' -tetraiodothyronine (T4) in the human body varies with individual differences and different detection methods. Generally speaking, the normal range of serum total thyroxine (TT4) in adults is about 65-155 nmol/L. The normal range of free thyroxine (FT4) is about 10.3-25.7 pmol/L.
Thyroxine is crucial in the regulation of human physiology, and abnormal levels can reflect many disease states. If the thyroxine level is too low, it is often associated with hypothyroidism, and the patient may experience chills, fatigue, drowsiness, weight gain, etc. If the level is too high, it may suggest hyperthyroidism, and the patient may have fear of heat, sweating, palpitations, and hand trembling.
When measuring thyroxine levels, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the patient's symptoms, signs, and other relevant thyroid function indicators, such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
What are the symptoms of L-3,5,3 ', 5' -tetraiodothyronine deficiency?
L - 3,5,3 ', 5' -tetraiodothyronine, that is, thyroxine, if it is deficient, there are many diseases.
Human thyroxine deficiency, in fetus and infancy, can cause small disease. This disease is related to growth and development and intelligence. Children with short stature, delayed bone development, significantly low intelligence, special facial features, such as large head, collapsed nose bridge, wide eye distance, etc., nervous system development is also seriously affected, delayed response, language and motor development.
In adults, thyroxine deficiency can cause myxedema. The patient's skin will experience non-depression edema, especially on the face, eyelids, hands and feet. The skin is rough, dry, and the hair is sparse and easy to fall off. In addition, it will also affect the metabolism, causing a decrease in the basal metabolic rate, often feeling cold, even in a warm environment, feel cold; due to slow metabolism, energy consumption is reduced, and weight gain is easy. In the nervous system, patients will be listless, lethargic, memory loss, delayed response, and decreased work and study ability. The cardiovascular system is affected, which can slow down the heart rate, reduce the output of the heart, and in severe cases cause heart problems such as pericardial effusion. The digestive system also has manifestations, including slowed gastrointestinal peristalsis, symptoms of constipation, loss of appetite, and poor nutrient absorption.
It can be seen that L-3,5,3 ', 5' -tetraiodothyronine is essential to human health, and various diseases caused by its deficiency seriously affect the quality of life and physical health of patients.
What are the effects of L-3,5,3 ', 5' -tetraiodothyronine overdose?
If L-3,5,3 ', 5' -tetraiodothyronine (ie, thyroxine, T4) is excessive, it has a significant impact on human health in many aspects.
At the metabolic level, it will cause hypermetabolism. The body is like an endless fire, accelerating operation. Energy consumption increases sharply, although the amount of food is gradually increasing, the weight decreases. And heat production increases greatly, often feeling dry heat, even in cold weather and sweating.
In the nervous system, it is like the strings are too tight. Patients are prone to emotional agitation, like a little burning gunpowder, anxious and restless. Difficulty concentrating, often insomnia at night, disturbing dreams.
The cardiovascular system is also impacted. The heart is like an indefatigable galloping horse, beating faster and stronger. The heart rate is significantly accelerated, and the feeling of palpitations is frequent. Over time, the heart is burdened with heavy burden, or it may cause arrhythmias and other diseases, endangering life and health.
The digestive system is also not immune. Gastrointestinal peristalsis is like an accelerated wheel, the digestion and absorption process is accelerated, and diarrhea is common, several times a day is also normal.
The musculoskeletal system is also implicated. Muscle fatigue, like a defective crossbow, greatly reduces activity tolerance. Skeletal calcium loss accelerates, osteoporosis gradually increases, and the risk of fractures increases.
The reproductive system is also disturbed. In women, it may cause menstrual disorders, the amount of menstruation may increase or decrease, and the cycle may be long or short. In men, it may also affect reproductive function and threaten reproduction.
It can be seen that excessive L-3,5,3 ', 5' -tetraiodothyronine has a wide and serious impact on the human body, just like a strong wind raging in the garden of life, disrupting the normal order of the body. It is necessary to be cautious and treat it in time.
What are the detection methods for L-3,5,3 ', 5' -tetraiodothyronine?
L-3,5,3 ', 5' -tetraiodothyronine, that is, thyroxine (T4), has many detection methods, which you will describe in detail today.
First, radioimmunoassay. This is a classic method that uses radionuclide-labeled antigens to compete with unlabeled antigens to bind specific antibodies. The T4 content in the sample is estimated by measuring the radioactivity intensity. Its sensitivity is quite high, and it can measure the concentration of nanograms. However, special radioactive equipment is required, and there is a risk of radioactive contamination. The operation also needs to strictly follow safety procedures.
Second, chemiluminescent immunoassay. This is a commonly used method at present, labeling antigens or antibodies with chemiluminescent substances. After an immune reaction, the T4 content is determined by using the luminescent signal intensity. It has high sensitivity, wide detection range, fast detection speed, and no worries about radioactive contamination. It has a high degree of automation and can detect samples in batches.
Third, electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Based on the principle of electrochemiluminescence, the marker tripyridyl ruthenium emits light on the electrode surface, which is combined with immune reaction. This method has extremely high sensitivity, wide linear range, good repeatability, rapid and accurate detection, and is also widely used in clinical detection.
Fourth, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The antigen or antibody is fixed on a solid-phase carrier, the antibody or antigen is labeled with enzyme, and the content of T4 is determined by enzyme-catalyzed substrate color reaction. Its operation is relatively simple and low cost, and it is suitable for preliminary screening in primary medical institutions, but the sensitivity and specificity are slightly inferior to the first three.
All detection methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and clinical application should be based on actual needs, equipment conditions and sample characteristics and other factors.