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What is the chemical structure of P-bromoiodobenzene?
P-bromoiodobenzene is also a compound. Its chemical reaction is based on benzene, which is divided into bromine (Br) and iodine (I) atoms at the para-position (P) of benzene.
Benzene is a planar hexadic atom formed by six carbon atoms in a common form, which is highly qualitative. Its carbon atoms are mixed into the p-domain by sp ², and each carbon atom has only one unmixed p-domain. These p-domains are repeated in parallel with each other to form the p-domain of the p-domain, which gives the special chemical properties of benzene.
In this compound, the bromine atom and the iodine atom are divided into the benzene-domain. The bromine atom, whose outer nucleus arrangement makes it easy to obtain ions in the reaction, has a certain degree of resistance. The iodine atom is also the same, and the resistance is slightly lower than that of bromine, but it can also change the reaction of benzene.
These two are located at the benzene position, so that the electron cloud on the benzene can be changed, which affects the physical resistance of the compound, such as resistance, melting boiling, reaction activity, etc. And due to the empty resistance and reaction effect of the bromine-iodine atom, this compound has the reaction characteristics in the synthesis and other fields.
What are the main physical properties of P-bromoiodobenzene?
P-bromoiodobenzene, or p-bromoiodobenzene, is an organic compound with many important physical properties.
Its appearance is colorless to pale yellow crystal or powder, which is stable at room temperature and pressure. The melting point is at 40-43 ° C, which makes p-bromoiodobenzene melt from solid to liquid. With this melting point characteristic, the melting point measurement can be used as a key indicator when separating, purifying or identifying p-bromoiodobenzene.
The boiling point is about 254 ° C. At this temperature, p-bromoiodobenzene changes from liquid to gaseous. The existence of the boiling point determines its phase change under specific temperature conditions and plays an important role in separation operations such as distillation.
p-Bromoiodobenzene is insoluble in water, but it is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene. This solubility is due to the non-polar nature of its molecular structure, which is quite different from the polarity of water molecules. According to the principle of "similar miscibility", it is more likely to be miscible with non-polar organic solvents. This solubility is helpful in the selection of suitable solvents for reaction, separation, and purification in organic synthesis.
The density of p-bromoiodobenzene is greater than that of water. When it involves liquid-liquid separation operations such as stratification, its location is different from that of water, which is conducive to separation by means of liquid
p-bromoiodobenzene also has a certain volatility. Although the volatility is not strong, long-term exposure to air will reduce its quality due to volatilization. During storage and use, attention should be paid to sealed storage to prevent volatilization loss and ensure the stability of its chemical properties and content.
The above physical properties are interrelated and affect each other, which profoundly affects the application and operation of p-bromoiodobenzene in organic synthesis, chemical analysis and other fields.
What are the common applications of P-bromoiodobenzene in organic synthesis?
P-bromoiodobenzene is a common raw material in organic synthesis and has a wide range of uses.
First, P-bromoiodobenzene can be used as a substrate in the coupling reaction of halogenated aromatics. Take Suzuki coupling reaction as an example, it can form biphenyl compounds with aryl boric acid under the action of palladium catalyst and base. This reaction has mild conditions and good selectivity, and is widely used in drug synthesis and materials science. For example, when synthesizing new organic optoelectronic materials, a conjugated system with a specific structure can be constructed by this reaction to improve the photoelectric properties of the materials.
Second, in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, such as Negishi coupling reactions, P-bromoiodobenzene and organozinc reagents can form carbon-carbon bonds under the action of nickel or palladium catalysts. This reaction provides an effective way to construct complex organic molecular structures, which is of great significance in the total synthesis of natural products, and can assist in the synthesis of natural product molecules with specific biological activities.
Third, P-bromoiodobenzene can be used to prepare functional materials. Because its molecules contain both bromine and iodine atoms, different functional groups can be introduced through subsequent reactions to prepare polymers and liquid crystal materials with special properties. For example, the preparation of polymer materials with specific solubility and thermal stability has potential applications in the field of coatings and adhesives.
Fourth, in the design of organic synthesis routes, P-bromoiodobenzene can be reacted in steps due to the different activities of two halogen atoms, which provides convenience for the synthesis of complex aromatic derivatives with specific substitution patterns. First, the selective reaction is carried out by taking advantage of the high activity of iodine atoms, and then the bromine atoms are converted to accurately construct the target molecular structure.
What are the preparation methods of P-bromoiodobenzene?
P-bromoiodobenzene (P-bromoiodobenzene) is also an organic compound. The preparation method has the following numbers.
First, benzene is used as the starting material and is first brominated. Benzene and bromine can be obtained under the action of catalysts such as iron bromide. The chemical equation of this reaction is:\ (C_ {6} H_ {6} + Br_ {2}\ xrightarrow [] {FeBr_ {3}} C_ {6} H_ {5} Br + HBr\). Then, under appropriate conditions, such as copper powder as the catalyst, the reaction of bromoiodobenzene and iodine can be heated to obtain P-bromoiodobenzene. The chemical equation is:\ (C_ {6} H_ {5} Br + I_ {2}\ xrightarrow [] {Cu} C_ {6} H_ {4} BrI + HI\).
Second, the reaction of diazonium salt can be used. First, aniline is made into diazonium salt by diazotization reaction. Aniline and nitrous acid under low temperature and the presence of hydrochloric acid, the chemical equation is:\ (C_ {6} H_ {5} NH_ {2} + HNO_ {2} + HCl\ xrightarrow [] {0 - 5 ^ {\ circ} C} C_ {6} H_ {5} N_ {2} Cl + 2H_ {2} O\). Then, the diazonium salt is reacted with the mixed solution of potassium bromide and potassium iodide, and the diazonium group is replaced by the bromine atom and the iodine atom to obtain P-bromoiodobenzene.
Third, phenol is used as raw material. Phenol is first brominated to obtain bromophenol, and then the hydroxyl group is converted to the diazonium group, and then reacted with potassium iodide to introduce iodine atoms. After appropriate reaction steps and conditions are controlled, P-bromoiodobenzene can also be obtained.
When preparing P-bromoiodobenzene, it is necessary to pay attention to the reaction conditions, such as temperature, catalyst type and dosage, which have a significant impact on the yield of the reaction and the purity of And each reaction step needs to be properly handled to achieve a good preparation effect.
What are the storage conditions for P-bromoiodobenzene?
P-bromoiodobenzene is also an organic compound. Its storage conditions are crucial, related to its quality and stability.
This substance should be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Because of the cool place, it can reduce the risk of decomposition and deterioration due to excessive temperature. Well ventilated, it can avoid the accumulation of gas and avoid safety.
And keep away from fire and heat sources. Both fire and heat sources can cause combustion or explosion, which is a serious harm. The temperature of the warehouse should be controlled within a reasonable range, not too high or too low. Too high can easily promote its chemical reaction, and too low may cause its physical state to change, affecting its properties.
At the same time, it should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, alkalis, etc., and should not be mixed. P-bromoiodobenzene and other such substances may react chemically, causing danger.
When storing, also pay attention to the integrity of the package. If the package is damaged, it may come into contact with the external environment and react, which will damage its quality. And it needs to be checked regularly to see if there are any abnormal changes. If so, it should be disposed of in time.
When handling, it should be handled lightly to prevent damage to its packaging and containers. All these things, in order to properly store P-bromoiodobenzene, can ensure its safety and quality.