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What are the main uses of P-cyanoiodobenzene?
P-cyanoiodobenzene, or p-cyanoiodobenzene, has a wide range of main uses. In the field of organic synthesis, it is often used as a key intermediate. Due to its unique structure, cyano and iodine atoms give it special reactivity.
In the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, p-cyanoiodobenzene can be used to build the key skeleton of drug molecules. Through organic reactions, cyanyl groups can be converted into a variety of functional groups, such as carboxyl groups, amide groups, etc. Iodine atoms can participate in coupling reactions, helping to grow carbon chains or introduce other functional fragments, laying the foundation for the creation of new drugs.
In the field of materials science, it is also indispensable. It can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of functional materials, and materials with special photoelectric properties can be prepared through specific reactions. For example, it can be used in devices such as organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) or solar cells to improve the electrical and optical properties of materials by virtue of its structural properties, and improve the efficiency and stability of devices.
In addition, p-cyanoiodobenzene also plays an important role in dye chemistry. It can be used as an important intermediate for the synthesis of new dyes. Different substituents are introduced through chemical reactions to regulate the molecular structure of dyes, thereby changing their color, solubility and stability to meet the needs of dyes in different fields.
What are the synthesis methods of P-cyanoiodobenzene?
To make p-cyanoiodobenzene, there are two common methods. The first is to take p-iodoaniline as the starting material and prepare it by diazotization and Sandmeier reaction. First, the p-iodoaniline and sodium nitrite react at low temperature in an acidic medium to form diazonium salts. This step requires careful control of the temperature, and the diazonium salt is easy to decompose when heated. Next, the obtained diazonium salt is co-heated with the potassium cyanide solution of cuprous cyanide, and through Sandmeier reaction, the diazonium group is replaced by a cyanyl group to obtain p-cyanoiodobenzene. This way of raw materials is relatively easy to obtain, but the steps are slightly complicated, and cyanide is required, which is quite toxic. The operation must
The second method uses p-bromobenzonitrile as the starting material and reacts with potassium iodide in an appropriate catalyst and solvent. Commonly used catalysts such as palladium or nickel complexes, the solvent can be selected as N, N-dimethylformamide, etc. In the reaction, the bromine atom is replaced by the iodine atom to obtain the target product. This method is slightly simpler and does not require highly toxic cyanide, and the safety is slightly better. However, the cost of catalysts may be higher, and some catalysts have strict requirements on reaction conditions, which have higher requirements on reaction equipment and operation technology. < Br >
The two methods for preparing p-cyanoiodobenzene have their own advantages and disadvantages. In practical application, the choice needs to be weighed according to factors such as raw material availability, cost, safety, etc., in order to achieve the best preparation effect.
What are the physical properties of P-cyanoiodobenzene?
P-cyanoiodobenzene is one of the organic compounds. Its physical properties are quite critical, and it is important in scientific research and chemical fields.
First of all, its appearance, under room temperature and pressure, P-cyanoiodobenzene is often white to light yellow crystalline powder, with fine texture and good texture. This appearance characteristic is easy to identify, and its appearance can be judged when storing and transporting.
The melting point of P-cyanoiodobenzene is about 103-107 ° C. The melting point is an inherent property of the substance. At this temperature, the solid P-cyanoiodobenzene gradually melts into a liquid state. This characteristic is crucial in the purification and identification process. It can be determined by measuring the melting point to test its purity.
Furthermore, in terms of solubility, it shows good solubility in common organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). However, the solubility in water is very small. This difference in solubility allows chemists to choose a solvent for the reaction system. According to the needs of the reaction, the appropriate solvent can be selected to facilitate the reaction.
Also discussed the density, although the exact density value will vary slightly due to the measurement conditions, generally speaking, its density is higher than that of water. This density characteristic has a significant impact on operations such as liquid-liquid separation, which can help researchers plan the experimental process.
P-cyanoiodobenzene has a low vapor pressure and a limited degree of volatilization at room temperature. This characteristic makes it more stable during storage, not easy to be lost due to volatilization, and also ensures the safety of the experimental environment to a certain extent.
Its refractive index is also a specific value. Although the specific value often varies depending on the measurement method and conditions, this physical constant can be used as an important reference for identification and purity judgment in the fields of optics and analysis.
To sum up, the physical properties of P-cyanoiodobenzene, such as appearance, melting point, solubility, density, vapor pressure, and refractive index, are essential factors in many fields such as organic synthesis and materials science, which help researchers and chemical practitioners better control the relevant reactions and processes.
What are the chemical properties of P-cyanoiodobenzene?
P-cyanoiodobenzene, or p-cyanoiodobenzene, is a very important raw material in organic synthesis. It has many unique chemical properties.
First of all, its substitution reaction. The iodine atom in this molecule is highly active and can be replaced by a variety of nucleophiles. For example, in the presence of a suitable base and catalyst, it can react with nucleophiles such as alkoxides and thioxides. The iodine atom is replaced by the corresponding group, thereby forming new carbon-oxygen, carbon-sulfur and other chemical bonds, which is especially key in the synthesis of compounds containing specific functional groups.
Let's talk about its coupling reaction. p-Cyanoiodobenzene can participate in many coupling reactions, such as Suzuki coupling and Stille coupling. In Suzuki coupling, under the action of palladium catalyst and base, it reacts with arylboronic acid to form biaryl compounds. This reaction is widely used in the construction of complex aromatic systems and can be used to create key intermediates in the fields of drugs and materials.
Cyanyl functional groups also give it unique reactivity. Cyanyl groups can be hydrolyzed to form carboxyl groups, which are converted into carboxylic acids through a series of reactions under acidic or basic conditions. Moreover, cyanyl groups can participate in nucleophilic addition reactions, such as reacting with amine compounds to form amidine derivatives, expanding their application in organic synthesis.
In addition, p-cyanoiodobenzene contains a large conjugated system, which makes it have certain optical and electrical properties. It has also emerged in the field of optoelectronic materials and can be used to prepare functional materials for organic Light Emitting Diodes, solar cells and other devices. Its chemical properties are diverse, providing many possibilities for organic synthesis and materials science, and it is an organic compound with a wide range of uses.
What is the price range of P-cyanoiodobenzene in the market?
I don't have the clear evidence of the confirmed price of P-cyanoiodobenzene on the market. However, if you want to check its price, you can follow various paths. First, visit chemical reagent suppliers, such as Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., search banner reagent network, etc. Such suppliers often list the price of chemicals, consult their customer service, and you can get the quotation of P-cyanoiodobenzene, and different specifications, purity, price or different. Second, look at the chemical product trading platforms, such as Gade Chemical Network and Mobei Chemical Network. These platforms collect multiple supplier information, and compare the quotations of different merchants to indicate the approximate price. Third, refer to past transaction records or market survey reports, but such information may be difficult to find, and the market situation is changeable, and the past price is only a reference.
Generally speaking, the price of chemical reagents is determined by factors such as purity, yield, supply and demand, raw material price and preparation difficulty. High purity P-cyanoiodobenzene, the price is high or high; if the market is prosperous and the supply is low, the price will also rise; the price of raw materials may increase or the preparation process is complex. Therefore, if you want to know its exact price, it is advisable to consult the supplier or check it in detail on the relevant platform.
