What is the chemical structure of P-diiodobenzene?

In P-diiodobenzene, the chemical formula is\ (C_ {6} H_ {4} I_ {2}\), and its molecules are based on benzene. Benzene is a plane regular hexagonal shape, which is interconnected by six carbon atoms in a common way, forming a highly toxic framework. In P-diiodobenzene, the iodine atom (\ (I\)) on the benzene is located in the same phase, that is, the 1,4-position. This means that the carbon-carbon atom on the benzene is not a special property or property, but a special property between the two, which makes the benzene have a special property. The iodine atom is the carbon atom phase of benzene. The iodine atom has a certain degree of stability because of its atomic size and stability. The iodine atom can be used as an anti-active site in the molecule, which makes P-diiodobenzene have a certain degree of stability. In the reaction, the iodine atom can be used as an anti-active site, such as nuclear substitution. Therefore, the chemical reaction of P-diiodobenzene is the chemical compound formed by the iodine atom in the benzene position, which gives it its specific physical properties.

What are the common synthesis methods for P-diiodobenzene?

In the synthesis of P-diiodobenzene, the following methods are commonly used.

One is the electrophilic substitution method. Starting with benzene, iodine is added to it, and a suitable catalyst is supplemented, such as ferric chloride ($FeCl_ {3} $) or mercury iodide ($HgI_ {2} $). After the electrophilic substitution reaction, the iodine atom can replace the hydrogen on the benzene ring to obtain P-diphenyliodine. However, this reaction needs to pay attention to the amount of iodine and the reaction conditions. Because the iodine activity is relatively low, the reaction may need to be heated to promote it, and the temperature needs to be controlled, otherwise there may be a risk of excessive substitution.

The second is the diazonium salt method. First, aniline is used as raw material, and the diazonium salt is obtained by diazotization reaction. After co-heating with potassium iodide ($KI $) solution, the diazonium group is replaced by iodine atom to obtain P-diiodobenzene. In this way, the diazotization reaction needs to be carefully operated at low temperature to prevent the decomposition of diazonium salt and affect the yield.

There is also a metal catalytic coupling method. If halogenated benzene is used as the substrate, under the action of metal catalysts and ligands such as palladium ($Pd $), the coupling reaction occurs with iodine substitutes. This method has relatively mild conditions and good selectivity, and can efficiently synthesize P-diiodobenzene. However, the price of metal catalysts may be higher, and the cost needs to be < Br >
All these methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In actual synthesis, it is necessary to choose carefully according to the availability of raw materials, cost, yield and purity requirements.

What fields is P-diiodobenzene used in?

P-diiodobenzene is a raw material for chemical reactions, and it is useful in many fields.

In the field of medicinal chemistry, this is the key material for the synthesis of special drugs. With its special chemical properties, it can react with other compounds skillfully to build drug active structures. For example, in the synthesis of some anti-cancer drugs, with the iodine group of P-diiodobenzene, it can precisely interact with specific biomolecules, helping to exert the efficacy of drugs and adding wings to the fight against evil diseases.

In materials science, it also has significant capabilities. When making electronic materials, P-diiodobenzene can introduce specific groups to optimize the electrical properties of materials. Such as making organic semiconductors, adding this substance can regulate carrier transport, improve material conductivity and stability, and contribute a lot to the miniaturization and high efficiency of electronic devices.

In organic synthetic chemistry, P-diiodobenzene is the cornerstone of building complex organic molecules. Because of its high iodine atom activity, it is easy to induce nucleophilic substitution, coupling and other reactions. Through various organic reactions, chemists can build complex organic compounds with unique structures and functions, expanding new frontiers for organic synthetic chemistry, and many novel organic materials and compounds depend on this.

What are the physical properties of P-diiodobenzene?

P-diiodobenzene is also an organic compound. Its physical properties are quite varied. This substance is in a solid state under normal conditions, and its appearance is often white or off-white powder, with a fine texture. Its melting point is quite impressive, about 178-182 degrees Celsius. Such a high melting point keeps it in a solid state at general ambient temperatures, and the structure is relatively stable.

The density of P-diiodobenzene also has a specific value, about 2.28 g/cm ³. This density data indicates that it is relatively heavy, and may have a unique distribution state in mixed systems compared with common organic solvents.

Looking at its solubility, P-diiodobenzene is soluble in most organic solvents, such as ether, chloroform, etc. However, its solubility in water is extremely poor and almost insoluble. This solubility characteristic is closely related to the hydrophobicity of the benzene ring in its molecular structure. The non-polar characteristics of the benzene ring make it difficult to interact with polar water molecules, so it is insoluble in water.

Furthermore, the vapor pressure of P-diiodobenzene is very low. This characteristic shows that under normal temperature and pressure, its volatilization degree is quite limited, and it is difficult to directly convert from a solid state to a gaseous state and escape into the environment. This property has a great impact on the safety of its storage and use process. Because it is not easy to evaporate, it reduces the possible harm caused by steam inhalation during operation.

These physical properties of P-diiodobenzene have far-reaching implications in many fields such as organic synthesis and materials science. Its melting point, density, solubility and vapor pressure all lay the foundation for its behavior in various reactions and applications, and it is impossible to observe when studying and applying.

What is the market price range for P-diiodobenzene?

The market price range of P-diiodobenzene, or p-diiodobenzene, fluctuates due to a variety of factors. At the moment, its price often varies depending on quality, purity, purchase volume, and market supply and demand.

If it is about ordinary industrial purity, the price per kilogram may be in the range of hundreds of yuan in the case of bulk purchase. However, if it is high purity, if it is used in fine chemicals or scientific research, the price will increase significantly. The price of such high purity products may range from a few yuan to tens of yuan per gram, that is, the price per kilogram may reach several thousand yuan.

If the market has strong demand for it and limited supply, its price tends to rise; conversely, if the supply is sufficient and the demand is low, the price tends to decline. In addition, the prices of different regional markets are also different due to differences in transportation costs, taxes, etc. And the prices of chemical products are greatly affected by fluctuations in raw material prices and improvements in production processes. To know the exact price range, you need to consult the relevant chemical product suppliers in detail, or refer to the real-time quotations of the chemical product trading platform.