Phenol 2 Bromo 5 Iodo

The chemical properties of arsenic (that is, the "realgar" in the title refers to arsenic, which is actually arsenic. The main component of arsenic is arsenic trioxide $As_ {2} O_ {3} $). Arsenic is a white powder, odorless, tasteless, and can be sublimated by heating.
Arsenic is highly toxic and its chemical properties are active. When heated in air, it can react with oxygen and be further oxidized. Arsenic can react with some metals to form corresponding metal arsenides. For example, under certain conditions, it reacts with active metals such as zinc to replace arsenic.
Arsenic can react with alkalis in alkaline solutions to form arsenite. For example, when reacted with sodium hydroxide solution, sodium arsenite and water will be formed. Arsenic can also react with some acids, such as hydrochloric acid, to form products such as arsenic chloride, but these reactions usually require specific conditions.
In ancient times, arsenic was often used in the field of medicine to treat some diseases with poison, but because of its strong toxicity, it should be used with caution. At the same time, arsenic has some applications in metallurgy and other industries, used to extract certain metals or as an additive.

"Tiangong Kaiwu" says: alum, there are many kinds and different uses. As far as gall alum is concerned, it has unique physical properties.
Gall alum, the color is beautiful blue, like the blue sky blending into the crystals, brittle and light. Its shape is mostly crystalline, like a finely carved work of art. Under the light, it shines brightly, as if it contains a mysterious light. It often exists in the world in blocks or granules, and the tentacles feel slightly cool and smooth.
Gall alum is easily soluble in water and melts when it enters water, making the water dyed with a faint blue color, which seems to be activated by magic. It also changes over time in the air, showing its unique weathering characteristics. And when heated, it changes differently, the crystal structure changes, and the color also changes, which is the unique physical properties of bile alum.
In ancient times, bile alum was used in many fields due to its unique physical properties. Because of its bright color, it was occasionally used in pigment blending; and because of some characteristics, it also played an important role in alchemy and other alchemy activities. Although its application range may not be as wide as table salt, lime, etc., its unique physical properties made the ancients pay attention to it and became one of the examples of the ancients' understanding of the diversity of natural materials.

In "Tiangong Kaiwu", the common uses of arsenic and realgar are as follows:
Arsenic, also known as letter stone in ancient times. Its common use is first in the field of medicine. Although arsenic is highly toxic, it can be used to treat diseases in moderation and processing. For example, in some ancient prescriptions, arsenic will be used cautiously for some stubborn sores, tuberculosis, etc. The concept of fighting poison with poison makes the effect of the medicine can penetrate deep into the disease and remove the disease. However, it needs to be used with caution. If the dose is slightly exceeded, it will endanger life.
In addition, it is also involved in the ancient metallurgical industry. In some metal smelting processes, arsenic can be used as an auxiliary agent to help remove certain impurities in ores and improve the purity of metals. Although it is not widely used, it has its unique role in specific smelting scenarios.
Realgar has many common uses. First, realgar has the effect of repelling insects and warding off evil spirits. The ancients often mixed realgar into wine during the Dragon Boat Festival, sprinkled it inside and outside the house, or smeared it on the body. It is believed that it can drive away snakes, insects, rats and ants, etc. Due to the special smell of realgar, many insects do not like to approach it. Second, realgar is widely used in medicine. It has the functions of detoxification, insecticide, dry dampness and expectoration. It can be used to treat carbuncle sores, snake bites and other diseases. Third, in ancient alchemy, realgar is one of the important raw materials. Alchemists believe that through specific refining methods, the essence of realgar can be extracted and made into longevity pills or medicinal stones with magical effects. Although there is no scientific basis for this concept, realgar played an important role in alchemy culture at that time.

To prepare the mixture of dinitroglycol and pentanitropentaerythritol, the method is as follows:
First take an appropriate amount of glycerol, place it in a clean container, and slowly add the mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid. This process requires extreme caution. Due to the severe and dangerous reaction, it should be carried out under low temperature and stirring conditions. The reaction of nitric acid and glycerol can generate dinitroglycol. During the reaction, the temperature must be strictly controlled to prevent side reactions from occurring.
As for the preparation of pentanitropentaerythritol, take pentanitropentaerythritol first and place it in a suitable reaction apparatus. Similarly, the carefully prepared mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is slowly added under appropriate conditions. During the reaction, pay close attention to various reaction indicators, such as temperature, reaction time, etc. By controlling these factors, pentaerythritol and nitric acid are fully reacted to obtain pentaerythritol.
After two nitroglycol and pentaerythritol are prepared separately, the two are mixed according to a specific ratio. The determination of this ratio depends on the actual required performance indicators, such as explosive power, stability and other factors. The mixing process also needs to be carefully handled to ensure that the two are evenly mixed, so that a mixture of two nitroglycol and pentaerythritol is obtained. The whole preparation process requires extremely high requirements for raw material purity, reaction conditions and operating specifications. A little carelessness may lead to serious consequences.

During storage and transportation, many things need to be paid attention to when mercury and lead are used in alchemy.
Mercury is a liquid metal, which is volatile and highly toxic. When storing, choose a cool and well-ventilated place to prevent mercury from evaporating rapidly due to rising temperatures. The container must be tight and leak-free, and the material should be ceramic or metal, because it does not chemically react with mercury, which can ensure stable storage of mercury. Extreme care should be taken during handling to avoid mercury leakage due to damage to the container. Once leaked, cover it with sulfur powder as soon as possible, so that mercury reacts with it to form mercury sulfide, reducing toxicity, and then clean it up.
Although lead is slightly less toxic than mercury, it should not be underestimated. The storage environment should be dry. It is easy to rust and corrode lead due to moisture, which affects its quality. Storage containers should also be sealed to prevent lead powder from flying and polluting the environment. During transportation, lead products should be firmly placed to avoid collision deformation or damage.
In addition, whether it is mercury or lead, its storage and transportation should strictly follow regulations, and stay away from crowded places and water sources. Operators must wear professional protective equipment, such as protective clothing, gloves, masks, etc., to prevent poisoning. Handle with care during handling, and it is strictly forbidden to throw them. And regular inspections of the storage environment and transportation tools are required to ensure that mercury and lead are in a safe state, so as not to cause harm to the surrounding environment and personal safety.