Phenol, 2-Fluoro-4-Iodo-

"Tiangong Kaiwu" has a saying: "Alum is the shape of hardware, and sulfur is the general of the group of stones, all of which are changed by fire." Alum, there are many kinds and different functions, is the key to the process of hardware metallurgy. One of the kinds of alum is called bile alum, which is also called stone gall. Its color is blue, like jadeite, and has a sour taste.
The nature of bile alum is that it dissolves in contact with water, and its solution is corrosive. If cast with iron, the color of iron gradually changes, and copper is attached to it, which is the principle of replacement. Because the activity of copper is weaker than that of iron, iron can replace copper in solution.
As for calcined bile alum, a white powder can be obtained. This is anhydrous copper sulfate. When it encounters water, it turns blue and seems to be reborn. This is because of its structural change.
In the way of medicine, bile alum also has its uses. However, its toxicity should not be used indiscriminately. External use can eat evil flesh and treat sores. If taken internally, the amount should be very careful. There is a slight difference, or it may cause poisoning.
In the way of industry, bile alum can be used as a mordant. When the fabric is dyed, it can help the dye adhere to make the color firm. It is also used in the electroplating industry. It is required for copper plating to ensure the uniformity and firmness of the coating.
And in the field of agriculture, bile alum is mixed with lime to make Bordeaux liquid, which can prevent crop diseases and maintain the flourishing of crops. It can inhibit the growth of pathogens and help farmers.
In summary, the physical properties of bile alum are unique, and it has a considerable role in various industries. When used, it should be guarded to prevent accidental harm.

2-% E6% B0% 9F - 4-%E7%A2%98%E8%8B%AF%E9%85%9A, this is a rare thing, its chemical properties are unique and extraordinary.
Its nature is warm, under normal temperature, it is safe, and it seems to be able to coexist in harmony with everything around it. When encountering mild water, there is no violent reaction, only a slight blend, as if exchanging feelings with water, slowly spreading, making the water slightly increase its quality.
However, when it is roasted by fire, it shows a different style. Not afraid of high temperature, not only does it not melt, but it becomes more and more resolute. It seems to be able to compete with the power of fire. In the midst of flames, it maintains its own shape. This tenacity is rare in the world.
Furthermore, if you encounter a strong acid, you will be calm at first, but you will be able to quietly change with the acid when you wait for the time to move. Although it is not like some substances that react violently in an instant, it is subtly changing the characteristics of the acid and interacting with it. In this process, it also undergoes subtle changes.
When it meets a strong alkali, it presents another scene. When it touches a strong alkali, it is like a reunion of an old friend. Although it is not passionate, it undergoes a profound chemical reaction in a calm state. The two interact to generate something new, revealing its unique chemical activity and change.
2-% E6% B0% 9F - 4-%E7%A2%98%E8%8B%AF%E9%85%9A chemical properties, both mild state, but also tough quality, can change with all kinds of substances, is really a magical treasure endowed by nature, the mystery, worthy of careful investigation, in-depth study, can appreciate its endless wonders.

2-% E6% B0% 9F - 4-%E7%A2%98%E8%8B%AF%E9%85%9A%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94%E4%B8%BA%E9%80%9F%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%9F%E6%B0%B4%E3%80%81%E5%87%8F%E5%B0%91%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%AD%E6%B0%94%E6%B0%9F%E5%8F%8A%E8%8B%AF%E9%85%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%87%BA%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%8F%E3%80%82
"Heavenly Works", "2-4-mouth", is important for water conservancy. Its system is based on water management, and this appliance. The water is injected from the top, from the road, and from the mouth.
First, it can make the water flow increase. The flow rate of water is important for irrigation effectiveness. The flow rate of water is low, and the water flow rate is low, and the field is high. The path of "2-4-mouth" is low, so that the water can move and speed up, so that more fields can be benefited by water.
Second, you can reduce the amount of water soaking. Soaking in water is beneficial for irrigation, and or the flow of water. The winding of this road makes the water in the flow, and the bubble is easy to escape, making the water flow more efficient, and the irrigation effect is better.
Furthermore, control the maximum water flow. If the amount of water in the water is large, "2-4-mouth" can be made, and the amount of water can be produced. If the amount of water is sufficient, the viewership of its energy is limited, and the field is free of damage; if the amount of water is scarce, it can also concentrate the water flow to ensure the irrigation needs.
In other words, "2-4-mouth" is the most important function in field irrigation, water conservancy dredging, etc., which is the wisdom of the ancients in water conservancy projects.

To prepare 2-alkenyl-4-alkynyl benzoquinone, the method is as follows:
First, it can be started with a suitable aromatic compound. A derivative of benzene is selected, which has a group that can be converted into alkynyl and quinone structures through a series of reactions. If p-methylphenol is used as the starting point, its methyl is first halogenated, and the methyl is converted to bromomethyl in the presence of bromine in the presence of light or an initiator to obtain p-bromomethylphenol. Subsequently, the activity of bromomethyl is used to undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction with ethynyl negative ions. This can be obtained by reacting acetylene with sodium metal to obtain sodium acetylene, and then reacting with p-bromomethylphenol to obtain p-ethynylmethylphen After that, the phenolic hydroxyl group is converted into a suitable leaving group, such as phosphorus tribromide, which is converted into a bromine atom to obtain p-ethynyl bromotoluene. Then, using this bromine atom, it reacts with another equivalent ethynyl negative ion to form an alkynyl structure to obtain p-diethynylbenzene. Finally, the alkynyl structure on the benzene ring is oxidized with a suitable oxidizing agent, such as a mixed system of manganese dioxide and sulfuric acid, to promote its conversion to quinone, and the target product 2-ene-4-alkynylbenzoquinone can be obtained.
Second, it is modified from quinones. Select p-benzoquinone, first carry out the Diels-Alder reaction with the conjugated diene body, and choose 1,3-butadiene. Under heating or the presence of a suitable catalyst, a cycloaddition reaction occurs to form an unsaturated cyclic compound. After that, the cyclic product is selectively dehydrogenated, and a metal catalyst such as palladium is used to dehydrogenate the ring at a specific position at a suitable temperature and in the presence of a hydrogen receptor, and a double bond is introduced. Then, the alkynyl group is introduced at a suitable position, and the halogen atom can be introduced at a specific position through a halogenation reaction, and then nucleophilic substitution with the alkynyl negative ion is carried out to gradually construct the alkynyl structure, and finally 2-ene-4-alkynylbenzoquinone is obtained.
Third, using alkynes and olefin derivatives as raw materials, benzene ring and quinone structures are gradually constructed. First, two-molecule acetylene derivatives and one-molecule olefin derivatives undergo [2 + 2 + 2] cyclization under the catalysis of transition metals, such as palladium, to form a benzene ring skeleton. This process requires rational design of the substituents of alkynes and olefin derivatives, so that the benzene ring contains groups that can be subsequently converted into quinone structures. Then, the benzene ring is oxidized, and the substituents on the benzene ring are oxidized with suitable oxidants, such as cerium ammonium nitrate, etc., to construct a quinone structure. At the same time, other substituents on the ring are modified to obtain 2-ene-4-alkynylbenzoquinone.

"Tiangong Kaiwu" has a saying: "Where a mirror is cast, gray sand is used for the mold, and tin is used for copper. The ratio of copper to tin is increased or decreased, and the size of the sight mirror is increased or decreased." The matter of casting mirrors is related to many important items, and there are also many things to pay attention to in storage and transportation.
The copper-tin alloy of the casting mirror is delicate. When storing, you need to choose a dry place to avoid moisture. Because water vapor can easily cause copper and tin to rust, damage its texture, and affect the quality of the casting mirror. If it is placed in a dark and humid place, patina can be seen growing from day to day, and tin is also dull. In this way, the cast mirror may have flaws, making it difficult to shine.
Furthermore, the utensils used in the casting mirror, such as molds, also need to be properly stored. The mold is made of gray sand, when it is kept dry and intact. If it is soaked in water, the sand mold is loose and difficult to form; if it is deformed under pressure, the cast mirror will lose its original state. Therefore, the mold should be placed in a stable place and not be disturbed by external forces.
When transporting, the first thing to ensure is that the mirror embryo and related materials are stable. The mirror embryo is brittle and hard in texture, and may break if there is a slight bump and collision. It needs to be wrapped in a soft object, such as silk cotton, soft cloth, etc., and placed in a sturdy box to protect the mirror embryo from vibration damage during transportation.
Copper and tin materials should not be transported carelessly. It is a heavy object, and it should be avoided when handling, causing it to fall, deform or mix with impurities. And during transportation, it is necessary to prevent sun and rain, hot sun exposure may cause uneven heating of copper and tin, affecting its performance; rain attack is prone to rust.
The storage and transportation of casting mirrors need to be treated with caution, and the subtleties are related to the success or failure of casting mirrors.