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Mercury is a highly toxic substance. As recorded in "Tiangong Kaiwu", its chemical properties are unique and have many characteristics.
Mercury, at room temperature, is in a liquid state, which is its distinctive feature. Its color is silver-white, like moonlight, flowing and changing, shining. However, although it has a beautiful appearance, it hides a deadly danger.
Mercury is highly volatile and quietly disperses in the air. Even if the environment seems quiet, mercury can slowly turn into a gaseous state and mix into the surrounding atmosphere. This volatile property makes its harm silent and difficult to detect. Once inhaled, mercury-containing gas will grow in the body, eroding the organs and meridians.
Mercury can form alloys with many metals. This phenomenon is called amalgamation. For example, when it meets precious metals such as gold and silver, it can be fused with each other. The ancients often used this property to extract gold and silver. In a specific process, mercury was combined with gold and silver in the ore, and then processed to separate pure gold and silver. However, if this process is not properly protected, the highly toxic mercury will endanger the human body.
Mercury is chemically active and can participate in many chemical reactions. It can combine with oxygen under heating conditions to form mercury oxide. When it comes into contact with acids, alkalis and other substances, various complex reactions will occur depending on the conditions.
Although mercury has important uses in industry, metallurgy and other fields, its highly toxic nature cannot be ignored. Due to its chemical properties, such as volatilization, alloying, and chemical reactions, it is necessary to use extreme caution when using it. A slight mistake can cause poisoning to the upper body and endanger life and health.

Saltpeter is also known as flame nitrate. Its physical properties are particularly unique. Looking at its shape, it is often in the shape of crystals, either granules or powders. Those with pure quality are as white as snow, but those that are common are slightly yellow, like frost.
As for its touch, it is delicate and dry, and there is no stickiness to the touch, just like fine sand slipping between the palms of the fingers. Smell its gas, it is almost odorless, only under certain conditions, it may feel a slight astringency.
The density of saltpeter is slightly heavier than that of ordinary things, and when you hold it in your hand, you can feel its heavy texture. Its melting point also has characteristics. When heated to a certain extent, it slowly melts into a liquid state, just like ice and snow melting in the warm sun. And saltpeter has good solubility in water, and it will soon disappear quietly when placed in water, turning into an invisible solution. Just like salt merging into water, it does not see its shape, but only its properties.
Under light, it often appears in a crystal clear state, like a pearl glowing, shining brightly, refracting a wonderful luster, adding a bit of mysterious charm to it. All these physical properties make saltpeter different from others and have its unique uses in many fields.

In "Tiangong Kaiwu", saltpeter, also known as flame nitrate, potassium saltpeter, etc. Its main uses are as follows:
First, it plays a significant role in the military field. It can be used to make gunpowder, and saltpeter is the key ingredient in the gunpowder formula. "Nitrate is to yin, sulfur is to yang, and the two gods of yin and yang meet in a seamless manner. Its origin is also, the characters are to be captured, and the soul is scattered and the soul is powder." Saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal are mixed in a specific ratio to make gunpowder. Gunpowder is used in firearms, such as bird guns, artillery, etc., to change the mode of war, improve the lethality and destructive power of weapons, and make major changes in military technology.
Second, it also has important uses in the metallurgical industry It can be used as a flux to reduce the melting point of ore, help metal smelting, make the metal in ore easier to separate and extract, improve smelting efficiency and metal purity, and is of great significance to metal processing and production.
Third, it has a certain effect in the field of medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that saltpeter has the functions of diarrhea, softness, and heat clearing. As contained in the "Compendium of Materia Medica", saltpeter can treat heat accumulation in the five internal organs, stomach distension and closure, and polyester to accumulate deposits. However, due to the toxicity of saltpeter, it is necessary to be cautious when using it medicinally, and strictly control the dosage and usage.
Fourth, it is also used in daily life and other aspects. For example, when making fireworks, saltpeter can make fireworks bloom with colorful light; it is also used in some food processing processes, such as making pickled wax products, which can play a role in hair color and bacteriostatic, prolonging the shelf life of food.

Mercury is a highly toxic substance, and there are many operations related to it in alchemy. However, from today's scientific perspective, some methods are quite risky and harmful. As described in "Tiangong Kaiwu", although the specific synthesis method of mercury and arsenic is not detailed, one can explore one or two from ancient alchemy, metallurgy and other related records.
Ancient alchemists who wanted an elixir of immortality often used mercury as a raw material. One method is to put cinnabar (mercury sulfide) in a closed cauldron and heat it to sublimate. Cinnabar is decomposed by heat, sulfur and oxygen combine to form sulfur dioxide and escape, and mercury sublimates in a gaseous state, and condenses into liquid mercury after being cooled. "Baopuzi Inner Chapter" says: "Dan sand burns into mercury, and the accumulation changes into Dan sand." This involves the principle of mercury smelting in cinnabar.
As for arsenic, the main ingredient is arsenic trioxide. In ancient times, it was often obtained in the smelting process of arsenic-containing minerals. Such as realgar (tetrasulfide and tetrasulfide), heated in the air, realgar reacts with oxygen, sulfur is oxidized first, and arsenic is also oxidized, and arsenic trioxide is formed through complex reactions. In ancient metallurgy, if the ore contains arsenic, arsenic will also be produced during roasting and smelting.
Of course, mercury and arsenic are both highly toxic. Mercury is volatile, and mercury vapor inhalation into the human body can cause damage to the nervous system, kidneys and other organs. Arsenic is even more toxic, and ingesting a small amount by mistake may endanger life. Due to cognitive limitations, the ancients were exposed to such poisons in alchemy, metallurgy and other activities, and there was often a risk of poisoning. Today's chemical synthesis has strict safety norms and scientific methods, and must not imitate the extensive and dangerous operations of the ancient methods.

It is an important matter for the cannon to be hidden, and there is no room for half of the difference. The following general attention should be paid to the matter, and it must be done in the heart.
The place where the cannon is hidden is the first important environment. It is a place where things are dry and clear, in order to prevent the cannon from being damp and its performance. And the place where it is hidden is safe, and it is densely packed with people. Flammable and explosive objects, so as to avoid accidental occurrence and formation. Furthermore, it is also important to store it separately. Cannons of different sizes and sizes are located in their own positions, clear and clear, easy to find and use, and to avoid confusion and use.
On the way, it is essential. The cannon is properly fixed to prevent shaking and collision during the journey. When the road is bumpy, it is even more necessary to pay attention to the fact that the artillery must not be damaged due to negligence. It is also necessary to check it carefully to ensure that its performance is good and the failure is prevented before it can undertake the heavy responsibility.
In addition, security measures are essential if it is not hidden or damaged. Additional manpower and more guards are dispatched to prevent criminals from stealing and breaking it. And those who do such work must be well-equipped and well-equipped, familiar with the relevant procedures, and careful in their actions. Only in this way can the safety of the artillery be guaranteed, so that it can be powerful in the future.