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What is the Chinese name of this compound?
This compound is called "** amalgam **". The amalgam is an alloy of mercury and other metals. "Tiangong Kaiwu" says: "Where mercury and lead are refined in the same can, the lead will float into a cake, which is called a mystic monk. If mercury is refined in the same can with copper and silver, the copper and silver will float into a cake, which is called a silver vermilion. This is also the experience of the combination of mercury and other things."
Mercury is active and easy to combine with various metals. The amalgam formed is unique in nature and has a wide range of uses. Ancient alchemists often used amalgam as the important thing in alchemy, hoping for the elixir of immortality. In the field of medical treatment, amalgam has also been used as a material for filling teeth. It fits well with teeth and can fix teeth and prevent moths. However, mercury is very toxic and has been discarded.
In metallurgy, amalgam also has its function. It can be used to extract precious metals such as gold and silver from ores by virtue of the nature of amalgam. Mercury and gold and silver can be dissolved from ores, and then distilled to remove mercury and retain gold, resulting in pure gold and silver.
Amalgam has been important in the field of chemistry since ancient times. Although the toxicity of mercury has gradually become known, its use has been limited, but its traces in the long river of history are indelible, providing many valuable proofs for future generations to study the history of chemistry and technology.
What is its chemical structure?
The thing you are talking about is not clear, so it is difficult to determine its chemical structure. However, if you want to describe the chemical structure, you need to use scientific methods to carefully observe its atomic combinations and chemical bonds to know its appearance.
Looking at "Tiangong Kaiwu", although it is a work of science and technology, the chemical understanding at that time was not as profound as it is today. The book describes the system of various things, but does not describe the analysis of chemical structure.
If the chemical structure of something is said, it should be based on modern chemical theory. The chemical structure is related to the type, number, spatial arrangement of atoms, and the characteristics of chemical bonds. Such as organic compounds, there is a carbon chain skeleton, or straight or ring, on which different functional groups are connected, which are connected by covalent bonds to determine their properties and uses.
Inorganic things, or ionic crystals, anions and cations are arranged according to the rules, and are maintained by ionic bonds; or atomic crystals, where atoms form a giant network structure with covalent bonds.
To understand the chemical structure of something, it often requires the help of instruments, such as X-ray diffraction, which can measure the position of atoms in the crystal; spectral analysis, which can know the vibration of chemical bonds, electronic transitions and other information, from which the details of the chemical structure can be obtained.
Although it is difficult to understand the chemical structure of "Tiangong Kaiwu", it is a treasure in the history of Chinese science and technology, and it has inspired future generations to explore the secrets of nature and matter. Today's scholars should, based on the wisdom of ancient sages and leveraging the power of modern science and technology, explore the wonders of the chemical structure of all things in order to promote the progress of science and the prosperity of mankind.
What are its physical properties?
All things have their own characteristics, and there are many physical characteristics.
Viewed from gold and stone, gold is yellow and heavy, strong and soft, malleable, can transfer heat and conduct electricity, refractory in fire, often hidden between mountains and rivers. Silver is also shiny and soft in texture. Its conductivity and heat conduction are especially better than others, and it has the effect of sterilization. There are various types of stones. The strong ones are like rocks, which can bear loads and are not easy to destroy over time. The brittle ones are like talc, which has delicate tentacles and can be used for medicinal or technological purposes.
The genus of plants and trees has their own wonderful properties. Pine, evergreen in all seasons, its leaves are needle-like, its branches are vigorous, it is not afraid of frost and snow, it has a tough quality, and the wood is solid. It can be used for construction and utensils. Bamboo, tall and slender, hollow and jointed, tough and light in nature, suitable for weaving and papermaking. Its bamboo shoots are delicious and edible. Plum, alone in cold winter, has a beautiful color, a quiet aroma, and is very cold-resistant. The tree body can be carved into arts, and the fruit can be made into dried plums and used as medicine.
As for water and fire, water is the most soft thing, shaped by things, can be turned into clouds, and condensed into ice. Moisturizing all things and silent, it can carry boats and capsize boats, its quality is pure, it is the source of life. Fire is fierce and hot in nature, capable of cooking, lighting, and smelting. However, if it is not controlled, it will cause disasters, burning all things and destroying life.
Among the beasts, the tiger is the king of all beasts, majestic in figure, sharp in claws and teeth, fierce and bold in nature, with the majesty of a king. The elephant body is huge, powerful and infinite, docile in character, strong in skin to defend against enemies, and precious in ivory, which is why it is often hunted. The horse is strong in posture, good in running, agile and loyal in nature, and is a good companion for marching and transportation in ancient times.
The same is true for birds. The phoenix is a legendary Swiss bird with gorgeous feathers, symbolizing auspiciousness and high in nature. Crane, elegant in posture, clear in voice, happy to live in wetlands, with the meaning of longevity. Swallows are small and light, good at building nests, spring comes and autumn goes, as the envoy of spring.
The nature of all things, whether hard or soft, or moving or static, or cold or hot, or beneficial or harmful, each suitable for its own use, interdependent, constitute the big view of heaven and earth.
What are the main areas of application?
There are many main application fields recorded in "Tiangong Kaiwu". In agriculture, the book describes in detail the cultivation and cultivation methods of various crops, such as rice, wheat, millet, millet, and sorghum. From the sowing season, soil selection to field management and harvest timing, there are detailed descriptions, which provide practical guidance for agricultural production at that time, and also affect the inheritance of farming techniques in later generations. In the textile industry, there is a lot of ink on the processing of raw materials such as cotton, hemp, and silk and textile technology. On cotton, from cotton ginning and elastic cotton to spinning and weaving, the operation steps and tools used in each link are clearly presented; on silk weaving, silkworm breeding, silk reeling methods and various silk weaving processes are detailed, promoting the development of textile technology.
In the ceramic industry, the selection and processing of raw materials for pottery and porcelain making, and the molding, decoration and firing technology of the green body are all involved. In terms of raw materials, indicate the characteristics and scope of application of clay from different origins; in the firing process, introduce the furnace structure, heat control and firing atmosphere adjustment methods, so that the quality and output of ceramic production can be improved. In the field of metal smelting, describe in detail the mining, beneficiation and smelting technology of metals such as gold, silver, copper, iron, lead and zinc. Like iron smelting, explain the key links from iron ore selection, furnace construction to smelting process, such as blast and batching, which are of great significance to the development of metal smelting industry.
In the papermaking industry, from bamboo, bark and other papermaking raw materials soaking, cooking, pounding, to papermaking, drying and other processes are fully recorded, making the papermaking process more standardized and systematic. In addition, in the fields of weapon manufacturing, pigment production, salt making, etc., "Tiangong Kaiwu" also has many practical technical records, which provide valuable knowledge for the production practice of various industries in ancient times and have a profound impact on the inheritance and development of ancient Chinese technology.
What are the methods for synthesizing this compound?
There are many ways to synthesize this thing, which are detailed below.
First, take all natural things, and adjust them according to their properties and quantity. If you harvest mountain spiritual grass, or take deep-sea rare minerals, you need to carefully screen them, and do not let impurities mix in. First set the main drug, and then supplement it with other things to achieve complementary effects. The key here is to be familiar with the characteristics of various things, just like knowing the ability of soldiers, so that you can set up a proper array.
Second, use the method of heat. Place all things in the cauldron, and control the changes with the heat. The size and duration of the fire are all about success or failure. Simmer slowly over a low fire, so that the nature of things can be slowly integrated; a fierce fire attacks urgently, or it can stimulate hidden power. However, the subtlety of the heat can not be understood day and night, and it needs to go through several trials, observe its color, smell its taste, and observe its state, in order to grasp it accurately.
Third, catalyze with secret methods. There are no shortage of strange techniques and secret methods in the world, which can help the speed of synthesis, or increase the quality of things. Or chant spells, or use special utensils to attract the spiritual energy of heaven and earth and promote its fusion. This is a miraculous method, but the caster needs to have deep cultivation and opportunity to use it freely.
Fourth, according to the time. Heaven and earth move, the time is different, and the material nature is also different. When choosing an auspicious and good time, taking advantage of the most suitable time for material properties to synthesize things, you often get twice the result with half the effort. For example, when the yin is at its most abundant, some yin and cold things are better integrated at this time; at noon, the yang is extremely strong, which is beneficial to the synthesis of masculine quality.
Synthesizing this thing, various methods have their own advantages. It needs to be in line with the time, location, and people, and be cautious to achieve success.