Toluene O Iodo 8ci

Toluene, o-iodine (8ci), has the following chemical properties:
toluene, one of the aromatic hydrocarbons, is volatile and flammable. Its molecule contains benzene ring and methyl group, which gives it special chemical properties. Due to the push electron effect of methyl group, the electron cloud density of the benzene ring increases, causing toluene to be more prone to electrophilic substitution than benzene. For example, under light or heating conditions, it can undergo methyl substitution reaction with halogens (such as chlorine gas) to form benzyl halides; under the action of catalysts, electrophilic substitution can occur on the benzene ring. For example, when nitrified, it is more likely to form o-nitrotoluene and p-nitrotoluene than benzene, because methyl group is o-and para-localization group.
O-iodine (8ci), if it refers to o-iodotoluene, the presence of iodine atoms also affects its chemical properties. Iodine atoms are more electronegative and have a certain electron-absorbing induction effect. At the same time, their p-electrons can be conjugated with benzene rings, causing the electron cloud density distribution of benzene rings to change. O-iodotoluene can also undergo electrophilic substitution reactions, but the localization effect of iodine atoms makes the substitution reactions mainly occur in the interposition of iodine atoms. In addition, iodine atoms can participate in some nucleophilic substitution reactions. Under appropriate reagents and conditions, iodine atoms can be replaced by other groups, thereby realizing functional group transformation in
In summary, toluene and o-iodine (if o-iodine toluene) exhibit unique properties in chemical reactions due to the characteristics of their respective functional groups, and have important applications in the field of organic chemical synthesis.

The common uses of toluene and o-iodine (8ci) are as follows:
Toluene has a wide range of uses. First, in the chemical industry, it is a key organic raw material. It can produce benzoic acid, benzyl chloride and other compounds. These products are important in medicine, pesticides, dyes and other industries. For example, benzoic acid can be used as a food preservative to keep food from being damaged for a long time. Second, toluene is an excellent organic solvent. In the paint, ink, adhesive and other industries, it can dissolve resins, pigments and other substances, so that the paint can be applied smoothly and the ink printing is clear. Third, adding an appropriate amount of toluene to gasoline can improve the octane number of gasoline, improve its anti-explosion performance, and make the vehicle engine run more smoothly.
O-iodine (8ci) is of great significance in the synthesis of medicine. It is often used as an intermediate to assist in the synthesis of many iodine-containing drugs, which may have special physiological activities, such as for the treatment of specific diseases. In the field of materials science, it may also participate in the synthesis of new functional materials, giving materials unique electrical, optical and other properties. In scientific research experiments, it is an important chemical reagent, helping chemists explore new reactions and new mechanisms, and promoting the progress of chemistry.

To prepare toluene and o-iodine (8ci), the method is as follows:
First take toluene as the group, toluene, aromatic hydrocarbons, which have a stable structure and a specific activity check point, which can be the basis for subsequent reactions. To introduce o-iodine groups on it, the method of electrophilic substitution can be borrowed.
First of all, a suitable iodine source needs to be selected. The common ones are iodine elemental substance (I 2O), but the activity of iodine elemental substance is slightly less. In order to promote the smooth reaction, a catalyst is often used. Here, iron (Fe) or its halide (such as FeI 🥰) can be used. When iron encounters iodine elemental substance, FeI 🥰 can be generated, which is an efficient electrophilic substitution In the
reaction system, FeI can polarize the iodine element, so that one end is partially positively charged and becomes an electrophilic reagent. The benzene ring of toluene is rich in electrons and nucleophilic. Electrophilic iodine species are attracted by the electron cloud of the benzene ring and attack the ortho-carbon of the benzene ring. In this process, the π electron cloud of the benzene ring interacts with the electrophilic iodine. After the formation of intermediates, the protons are removed, and the final product of o-iodine toluene is obtained.
During the reaction, the temperature, solvent and other conditions also need to be carefully controlled. If the temperature is too high, or more substituted products are formed; if the temperature is too low, Aprotic solvents are often preferred, such as dichloromethane, which can dissolve the reactants and do not interfere with the reaction process, thus assisting the smooth progress of the reaction, thereby preparing o-iodine derivatives of toluene.

What is the price of toluene and o-iodine (8CI) in the market?
I look at "Tiangong Kaiwu", which details the system and price of various products. However, the price of these two is not specified in the book. The trade at that time was covered, or the two were not as large quantities. Although there is no exact price, it can be slightly deduced.
Toluene is an important material for organic chemical industry. In ancient times, there was no refining method of today, and it was difficult to obtain or expensive. And things adjacent to iodine are also rare. The refining of iodine is not easy, and the system of adjacent positions is complicated. The chemical industry in ancient times was not developed, and it took a lot of effort to obtain these two things.
However, prices at that time were mostly bartered, and changed according to the time and place. If you are in a busy commercial port and there are many people seeking it, the price will be high; if you are in a remote place and few people are interested in it, the price will be low. And the measures of weights and measures at that time were different from today, and the measurement of prices was also different. Although it is difficult to determine its market price, it is clear that it must be an extraordinary price, which cannot be easily sought by non-rich people. It is a rare product, a trade in ancient times, or a rare commodity that can be lived in.

When storing and transporting toluene and o-iodotoluene (8CI), there are many key things to pay attention to.
Safety is the first priority. Both are flammable and should be stored in a cool and well-ventilated place away from fire and heat sources. The temperature of the warehouse should not be too high and should be strictly controlled. And its steam and air can form an explosive mixture, which can cause combustion and explosion in case of open flame and high heat. Therefore, fireworks are strictly prohibited in the storage area, and static electricity should also be prevented from accumulating. All electrical equipment and lighting facilities should be explosion-proof.
The other is about packaging. The packaging must be tight and sealed to prevent leakage. The packaging materials used should have good corrosion resistance and sealing to ensure that the material will not be damaged during transportation and storage and cause material leakage.
For transportation, transportation enterprises and vehicles with corresponding qualifications should be selected. Transportation vehicles should be equipped with fire extinguisher materials and emergency treatment equipment, and during transportation to ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall, or damage. Driving routes should avoid densely populated areas and traffic congestion sections, and follow prescribed routes.
In addition, obvious warning signs should be set up at storage and transportation places to inform everyone that this is a dangerous chemical to attract the attention of relevant personnel. At the same time, managers and transportation personnel should be professionally trained to be familiar with their characteristics, hazards, and emergency treatment methods, so as to ensure the safety of toluene and o-iodotoluene during storage and transportation.