Triiodothyronine

Triiodothyronine is an important hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. It plays a key role in many physiological processes such as metabolism, growth and development of the human body.
The thyroid gland mainly secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (Triiodothyronine, referred to as T3). Compared with T4, T3 is more active and can bind to thyroid hormone receptors in cells more quickly and efficiently, thereby initiating a series of biochemical reactions.
In terms of metabolism, T3 can increase the oxidation rate of cells, increase the body's heat production, and increase energy consumption. Tissues such as liver and muscle, under the action of T3, are more active in the uptake and utilization of energy substances such as glucose and fatty acids to maintain the body's normal energy metabolism balance.
It is related to growth and development, and T3 has a profound impact on the development of the nervous system and skeletal system. In the embryonic stage and infancy, if the secretion of T3 is insufficient, it can cause serious consequences such as mental retardation and short stature, which is the so-called nerd.
From the perspective of regulatory mechanism, the hypothalamus secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then acts on the thyroid gland to promote the synthesis and release of T3 and T4. When the concentration of T3 and T4 in the blood increases, it will inhibit the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, reduce the secretion of TRH and TSH, and maintain the relative stability of thyroid hormone levels in the body.
Although Triiodothyronine is small in amount, it is of indispensable significance for the maintenance and regulation of human physiology. Once its balance is broken, it will lead to various thyroid-related diseases.

Triiodothyronine is the key to the function of the human body. It plays a huge role in the regulation of metabolism.
This hormone can accelerate the redox reaction of cells, which increases the body's heat production and energy consumption. Just like adding firewood to the stove, the fire is more prosperous, which can make the "fire" of metabolism burn vigorously, and speed up the rate of various biochemical reactions. In this way, the body can more efficiently convert the ingested nutrients into energy to meet the needs of the body's daily activities and maintaining body temperature.
And triiodothyronine also plays an important role in the process of growth and development. Especially in the developmental stage of the nervous system and bones, its impact is far-reaching. In childhood, if this hormone is not secreted enough, it may cause mental retardation and short stature, just like a seedling that lacks nutrients and is difficult to thrive. Because the development of the nervous system requires it to promote the differentiation, migration and myelination of nerve cells, bone development also depends on it to regulate the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to maintain normal bone growth and remodeling.
In addition, triiodothyronine also has the ability to regulate the cardiovascular system. It can increase myocardial contraction, just like adding force to the "engine" of the heart, making the heart pump blood more powerfully. At the same time, it can speed up the heart rate and accelerate blood circulation, so that all tissues and organs of the body can receive nutrients and oxygen supply in a more timely manner to maintain normal physiological functions.
In addition, in the digestive system, it can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, increase the secretion of digestive juices, and help food digestion and absorption, just like adding a boost to the smooth operation of the digestive system, so that food can be better used by the body.
Overall, triiodothyronine plays an indispensable role in many aspects of human metabolism, growth and development, cardiovascular and digestive systems.

Triiodothyronine is an important hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. It plays a key role in many physiological processes such as human metabolism, growth and development. Its normal range varies slightly due to different detection methods, detection instruments and detection institutions. Generally speaking, the normal range of serum total triiodothyronine (TT3) is about 1.3-3.1 nmol/L; the normal range of serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) is about 3.1-6.8 pmol/L.
Knowing the normal range of Triiodothyronine is of great significance in the diagnosis, disease monitoring and treatment of thyroid diseases. If its value deviates from the normal range, it may suggest abnormal thyroid function. If the TT3 and FT3 values are increased, it may be a symptom of hyperthyroidism; and if the values are reduced, it may be related to hypothyroidism.
When a doctor makes a clinical diagnosis and treatment, it is absolutely impossible to make a conclusion based on the change of a single index of Triiodothyronine. It is necessary to combine other thyroid function indicators such as thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), as well as the patient's symptoms, signs and medical history, and many other factors. Comprehensive consideration and careful judgment are required to accurately diagnose the disease, formulate appropriate treatment strategies for the patient, and help them recover as soon as possible.

The influence of the level of triiodothyronine (Triiodothyronine) is related to various factors. At the end of the diet, iodine is the main factor. Iodine is the raw material for synthesizing thyroid hormones. If the diet is deficient in iodine, the thyroid gland cannot synthesize triiodothyronine enough, and its level will drop. On the contrary, excessive intake of iodine, or thyroid dysfunction, also affects its level.
Furthermore, pituitary diseases can affect the whole body. The pituitary gland secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). If the pituitary gland is sick and the TSH secretion is abnormal, it will directly affect the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones. TSH secretion increases, stimulating the thyroid gland to synthesize more triiodothyronine; TSH secretion decreases, and vice versa.
Thyroid own diseases should not be ignored. Such as Graves disease, this is an autoimmune disease. The body produces autoantibodies against the thyroid gland, which stimulates the thyroid gland to over-secrete hormones, and the level of triiodothyronine rises. In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hormone levels may fluctuate in the early stage. In the later stage, due to the destruction of thyroid tissue, the ability to synthesize hormones decreases, and the level of triiodothyronine decreases.
Drug factors are also involved. Certain drugs can interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis, metabolism, or release. For example, thiourea drugs inhibit thyroid peroxidase activity, impede iodine activation and tyrosine iodization, and reduce triiodothyronine synthesis.
In addition, changes in physiological state also have an impact. During pregnancy, the maternal hormone environment changes, thyroid binding globulin increases, triiodothyronine binding increases, and free levels may change. Under stress, the neuroendocrine system in the body is disordered, which indirectly affects thyroid function and triiodothyronine levels. All these factors can make triiodothyronine levels fluctuate and cannot be ignored.

If the level of triiodothyronine (Triiodothyronine) is abnormal, it may suggest various diseases.
If its level is elevated, hyperthyroidism is a common cause. This disease is caused by the excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland itself, which causes hypermetabolism and sympathetic excitation. Patients often experience palpitations, sweating, eating too much but wasting, hand shaking and exophthalmos. Diffuse toxic goiter (Graves disease) is the most common, and the immune system in the body is disordered, resulting in autoantibodies against the thyroid gland, which stimulates the thyroid gland to over-secrete hormones. In addition, multi-nodular toxic goiter, autonomous high-functioning thyroid adenoma, etc., can also cause thyroid hormone synthesis and release increase, triiodothyronine levels rise.
If the level of triiodothyronine is reduced, or related to hypothyroidism. Primary hypothyroidism is mostly due to autoimmune damage, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland, resulting in damage to thyroid tissue, and insufficient hormone synthesis and secretion. In some patients, thyroid function is suppressed due to thyroid surgery to remove too much thyroid tissue, or after radioactive iodine treatment, which can also be caused. Central hypothyroidism is caused by hypothalamic or pituitary lesions, which affect the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone or thyroid-stimulating hormone, resulting in reduced thyroid hormone synthesis. In the late stage of subacute thyroiditis, thyroid cells are damaged and hormones are released completely, and the level of triiodothyronine can also be reduced. Furthermore, serious systemic diseases, such as liver disease, kidney disease, etc., affect thyroid hormone metabolism and may also cause abnormal levels.